The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) contains groundbreaking provisions to encourage the development of a national health information system through the establishment of standards. This paper compares statewide inpatient data systems to one standard--the Uniform Bill (UB)--to understand how standards have been used and how they can be improved. We recommend ch...

The health care spending share of gross domestic product (GDP) remained steady between 1993 and 1999 as moderate-to-strong economic growth coincided with a rapid shift to managed care. This shift, along with decelerating growth in Medicare spending, appears to have generated a mostly one-time saving that lowered aggregate health expenditure growth.

X-Road is a secure and scalable database access middleware originally developed in Estonia in early 2000s. In 2014, a decision was taken to also deploy X-Road infrastructure within Finland, hence facilitation cross-national federation. Even though being very close both geographically and culturally, the legislation, technology and best practices used by the two nations differ. This paper discus...

Results: Before age 3 years, the children in this study watched an average of 2.2 hours per day; at ages 3 to 5 years, the daily average was 3.3 hours. Adjusted for the covariates mentioned earlier, each hour of average daily television viewing before age 3 years was associated with deleterious effects on the Peabody Individual Achievement Test Reading Recognition Scale of 0.31 points (95% conf...

Together with representatives of Canada, England, and Wales, NCHS will hold a planning workshop in early 1990 to provide a foundation and mechanism for international collaborative research on high priority health issues. The workshop will provide a forum for supporting international health statistics programs; evaluating the utility of various statistical programs; and recommending their improv...

A national data infrastructure (NDI) provides data, data-related services and guidelines for the re-use of data as an easily accessible service to citizens as well as to public and private organizations. As such, it allows the efficient sharing of data between data providers and data consumers, supports new business models, and is thus a key enabler for the digital economy, societal collaborati...

Learning analytics is a significant area of technology-enhanced learning that has emerged during the last decade. This review of the field begins with an examination of the technological, educational and political factors that have driven the development of analytics in educational settings. It goes on to chart the emergence of learning analytics, including their origins in the 20th century, th...