tsimpli and dimitrakopoulou (2007) observed that uninterpretable features are unavailable in second language (l2) acquisition after the critical period. in this paper, we verify this claim by providing evidence from persian speaking learners of english as an l2 on the status of resumptive pronouns (rps) as uniterpretable features. unlike english which does not allow rps, persian shows various b...

Theatmosphericpollen loadsofHobart,Tasmania,Australia,weremonitoredbetweenSeptember2007andJuly 2009. To examine the match of the airborne pollen composition with the flowering duration of their contributing plants, the phenology of native and non-native plants in various habitats near the pollen-trapping site was undertaken between August 2008 and July 2009. The pollen load was found to have a ...

The folding characteristics of sequences reduced with a possibly simplified representation of five types of residues are shown to be similar to their original ones with the natural set of residues (20 types or 20 letters). The reduced sequences have a good foldability and fold to the same native structure of their optimized original ones. A large ground state gap for the native structure shows ...

Cryptic invasions are a largely unrecognized type of biological invasion that lead to underestimation of the total numbers and impacts of invaders because of the difficulty in detecting them. The distribution and abundance of Phragmites australis in North America has increased dramatically over the past 150 years. This research tests the hypothesis that a non-native strain of Phragmites is resp...

The purpose of this article is to investigate the similarities and differences in the usage of discourse markers such as because, so, and, etc. among the following three types of university students: native speakers of English (NS), non-native Chinese students (CNNS, mainland Chinese), and non-native Japanese students (JNNS). All the CNNS and JNNS have studied English as a foreign language for ...

In the development of corpus linguistics, the creation of corpora has had a critical role in corpus-based studies. The majority of created corpora have been associated with English and native languages, while other languages and types of corpora have received relatively less attention. Because an increasing number of corpora have been constructed, and each corpus is constructed for a definite p...

Aiming at better understanding of prosody generation by native Japanese learners of Mandarin as a second language (L2), we analyzed the syllable duration differences between tone types. By comparing the mean syllable durations and the variation of normalized syllable durations across tone types and speakers, significant differences were found between tone types as well as between speakers. Nati...

This study is part of a multilingual project investigating native and non-native perception of English consonants. In the present investigation, VCV syllables presented in quiet and in different types of noise were identified by Norwegian listeners. The results showed that even in quiet not all consonants were recognized correctly. Consonant confusions can be interpreted as caused by phonologic...

Self-avoiding lattice walks are often used as minimalist models of proteins. Typically, the polypeptide chain is represented as a lattice walk with each amino acid residue lying on a lattice point, and the Hamiltonian being a sum of interactions between pairs of sequentially nonadjacent residues on adjacent points. Interactions depend on the types of the two residues, and there are usually two ...