One major cause of elastic wave attenuation in heterogeneous porous media is wave-induced flow of the pore fluid between heterogeneities of various scales. It is believed that for frequencies below 1 kHz, the most important cause is the wave-induced flow between mesoscopic inhomogeneities, which are large compared with the typical individual pore size but small compared to the wavelength. Vario...

Studies on earthworms using molecular markers are rare in Africa except a handful from South Africa. Reports on Libyodrilus violaceous,an earthworm found in West Africaare available including their metal tolerance and bioaccumulation capacity but their molecular characterization and ecotoxicology studies are scarce. In this study, triplicate L. violaceous specimens were collec...

The growing need for clean drinking water worldwide has increased the interest in natural surface-water treatment techniques such as bank filtration. Bank filtration has been used for more than a century in drinking water production. Historically, it was recognized as an efficient natural attenuation process ensuring sustainability of drinking-water supply. If bank-filtration facilities are des...