background: clinical trial is the standard method to assess efficacy of a medical intervention. because of its experimental nature, meaning that subjects are exposed to an intervention with uncertain outcome and according to historical evidences of criminal researches, clinical trial is of something of a lightning rod for ethical concerns. ethical issues surrounding clinical trials are very per...

Electronic Patient Record Systems (EPRS) hold an exceptional position in the field of Medical Informatics. The aim of such systems is to replace the traditional paper-based patient recording, offering at the same time a set of advanced data exchange functionalities modern computers and networks can offer. ARISTOPHANES is a flexible and efficient EPRS, designed to serve surgery wards. This paper...

Considering the nature of qualitative studies, the interaction between researchers and participants can be ethically challenging for the former, as they are personally involved in different stages of the study. Therefore, formulation of specific ethical guidelines in this respect seems to be essential. The present paper aimed to discuss the necessity to develop explicit guidelines for conductin...

Keynote Session 1 Title: The ecohydrology of river vegetation Organizer: Dr. Matthew O’Hare (CEH Edinburgh, Bush estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, UK Synopsis: This session will focus on the developing field of riverine plant ecohydrology. Riverine plants including both aquatic macrophytes and riparian vegetation respond to their physical environment but they also influence it, effecting both hydrolo...

nursing is a universal health care necessity. nursing profession, similar to the other medical professions, is responsible to maintain public health promotion, prevent diseases, and also care and rehabilitate client, family and the soci¬ety. the inher-ent nature of nursing is respect for moral values and human rights. however, clinical ethical dilem¬mas occur for nurses at all levels, not alway...

Context: Ethical issues have always been a topic of concern in basic science and clinical research. The ethical implications of neuroscience research and treatment have adopted the label “neuroethics,” with great relevance and value. Evidence Acquisition: Human subjects and patients undergoing research and treatment exhibit their naturally judgmental nature on what is "moral" or "ethical’’ and ...

platinum is a metallic element, which may react with our cellular component through its involvement in cancer chemotherapy medications. cisplatin is one of the most useful antineoplastic drugs against human ovarian carcinoma, which has the central element of platinum in its structure. the nature of chemical interaction between platinum and cellular macromolecules is yet to be understood. we exa...

This study focuses on RR, SS and RS medetomidine (MM) and inclusion of several achiral acids to distinguish which acid can help conglomerate formation instead of crystallizating racemic mixtures by defining the low-lying energy of their structures. Favorable orientation of acids was determined in interaction with the MM enantiomers after optimization. The most noticeable interactions include hy...