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In remote sensing, many spectral indices such as NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) or NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index) have been developed for plant management in agriculture. However an essential problem exists that the remote sensing indices are not based theoretically on the spectral properties of the molecules of photosynthetic pigment, nutrient or water in plant. This a...

Quantitative and accurate urban land information on regional global scales is urgently required for studying socioeconomic eco-environmental problems. The spatial distribution of a significant part development planning, which vital optimizing use patterns promoting sustainable development. Composite nighttime light (NTL) data from the Defense Meteorological Program Operational Line-Scan System ...

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Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary, a natural freshwater lake (a relict sea) that is the largest wetland in Thar Desert Bio-geographic Province and represents dynamic environment with salinity depth varying depending on rainfall. For maintaining ecological balance coastal inland environments, wetlands play an important role changes can be monitored using satellite remote sensing technique. The present s...

1 Multi-season reflectance data from radiometrically and geometrically corrected 2 multispectral SPOT-5 images of 10-m resolution were combined with thorough field campaigns 3 and land cover digitizing using a binary classification tree algorithm to estimate the area of 4 marshes covered with common reeds (Phragmites australis) and submerged macrophytes 5 (Potamogeton pectinatus, P. pusillus, M...

The world’s ecosystem and environment are rapidly deteriorating with an increase in the depletion of forest conditions due to fires. In recent past years, wildfire incidents Sikkim have increased severe climatic changes such as turbulent rainfall, untimely summers, extreme droughts winters, a reduction percentage yearly rainfall. Forest fires one numerous kinds disasters that impose disastrous ...