Perubahan fisiologis akibat inflamasi pada pasien PPOK secara signifikan menurunkan tingkat karbon dioksida yang rendah didalam darah menimbulkan sesak dengan frekuensi napas meningkat, sehingga pentingnya terapi cepat mengencerkan sekret, melancarkan jalan napas, dan melemahkan saluran pernapasan seperti nebulizer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengindentifikasi pengaruh nebulizer terhadap PP...

BACKGROUND Patients with cystic fibrosis perform airway clearance techniques and receive nebulized medications on a regular basis. Some positive expiratory pressure (PEP) devices allow concomitant administration of aerosol. I hypothesized that this practice alters the aerosol characteristics and patient dose. I compared the aerosol characteristics and patient dose of nebulized albuterol from 2 ...

BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated the factors affecting aerosol delivery during non-invasive ventilation (NIV). Our aim was to investigate, using a bench-top model, the effect of different ventilator settings and positions of the exhalation port and nebulizer on the amount of albuterol delivered to a lung simulator. METHODS A lung model simulating spontaneous breathing was connected to...

BACKGROUND Arformoterol, the (R,R) isomer of formoterol, is approved as an inhalation solution for the treatment of bronchoconstriction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Multiple nebulizer systems are commercially available. Different nebulizers can differ significantly in drug output, which may impact drug delivery and clinical efficacy. This study compared the aerosol pr...

BACKGROUND Bronchodilator treatment for asthma can be provided with various aerosol-generating devices and methods. There have been no randomized trials of a breath-actuated nebulizer versus continuous 1-hour nebulization and/or small-volume constant-output nebulizer in pediatric asthma patients. METHODS We conducted a randomized study of one-time albuterol treatment with the AeroEclipse brea...

BACKGROUND To improve convenience to patients, there have been advances in the operation of nebulizers, resulting in fast treatment times and less drug lost to the environment. However, limited attention has been paid to the effects of these developments on the delivered dose (DD) and respirable delivered dose (RDD). Published pharmacopoeia and ISO testing guidelines for adult-use testing utili...

UNLABELLED Aerosol drug delivery via high flow nasal cannula (HFNC), bubble continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and synchronized inspiratory positive airway pressure (SiPAP) has not been quantified in spontaneously breathing premature infants. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to compare aerosol delivery via HFNC, bubble CPAP, and SiPAP in a model of a simulated spontaneously b...

BACKGROUND The Tyvaso Inhalation System is a hand-held nebulizer system used to administer treprostinil, an approved therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Our goal was to establish an in vitro method for delivering a standard dose of treprostinil through a ventilator circuit and artificial airway. METHODS An AeroTech II jet nebulizer (continuous air flow at 10 L/min; Biodex Medical Sys...

In most circumstances, a nasal route for the delivery of pulmonary aerosol medications is rarely considered; however, in specific instances, this route may be quite useful. Consider, for example, the delivery of aerosol treatments during humidified high-flow nasal cannula use in pediatric critical care, or continuous aerosol delivery via cannula for medications with short durations of action. T...

BACKGROUND The position of the jet or ultrasonic nebulizer in the ventilator circuit impacts drug delivery during mechanical ventilation, but has not been extensively explored, and no study has examined all of the commonly used nebulizers. METHODS Drug delivery from jet, vibrating-mesh, and ultrasonic nebulizers and pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) with spacer was compared in a model o...