In the past three decades, American central city neighborhoods have experienced an influx of high-income, highly skilled residents and an exodus of low-income, low-skilled residents. This gentrification of central city neighborhoods has reversed decades of decline in urban centers. In this paper, I test the hypothesis that an important driving force behind gentrification is the rise in the valu...

We study the minimum total weighted completion time problem on parallel machines, which is known to be strongly NP-hard. We develop general ideas leading to exponential neighborhoods in which the best improving neighbor can be determined by calculating a maximum weighted matching of an improvement graph. In a second step we introduce neighborhoods that form the base for the exponential neighbor...

OBJECTIVES The health consequences of neighborhood poverty are a public health problem. Data were obtained to examine links between neighborhood residence and mental health outcomes. METHODS Moving to Opportunity was a randomized, controlled trial in which families from public housing in high-poverty neighborhoods were moved into private housing in near-poor or nonpoor neighborhoods, with a s...

OBJECTIVES This study investigates the independent and joint effects of family income and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) on general health and oral health before and after controlling for traditional risk factors in a representative sample of adults aged 18+ years residing in the Detroit tri-county area, Michigan. METHODS Individuals data were obtained through interviews, while neigh...

© 1998 page 1 MIT Press Within the evolution of places including metropolises, cities, towns and neighborhoods, human beings and human organizations are the actors that make deals resulting in architectural changes to the built environment. The patterns that evolve are intentional at two levels: at a simple level, the actors (city planners) in the system directly intend to create certain featur...

the evolution of places including metropolises, cities, towns and neighborhoods, human beings and human organizations are the actors that make deals resulting in architectural changes to the built environment. The patterns that evolve are intentional at two levels: at a simple level, the actors (city planners) in the system directly intend to create certain features; and at more complex levels,...

OBJECTIVE We examined the location of commercial plasma donation centers in the United States over the period 1980 to 1995 relative to the geographic distribution of risk behaviors associated with transfusion-transmissible infections. METHODS The census tract locations of commercial source plasma clinics were described by measures of neighborhood social disadvantage and the prevalence of illi...

We describe here preliminary results of our Comet implementation of generic abstractions for Very LargeScale Neighborhoods. These neighborhoods are used in local search. Their size is exponential but the best neighbor can be computed in polynomial time. They have proven to be very efficient on a large set of problems. However designing such neighborhoods requires high development efforts. Our o...