objectives: multiple sclerosis is an incurable and chronic disease of the central nervous system. the main purpose of this survey is to compare the character types and life expectancy of patients suffering from m. s as compared with normal people. this survey was conducted using the persian translation of neo-ffi (neo-five factor inventory) and herth life expectancy. methods:thirty nine people ...

In most phylogenetic lineages, the evolution of sex chromosomes is accompanied by their heteromorphization and degradation of one of them. The neo-sex chromosomes are useful model for studying early stages of these processes. Recently two lineages of the neo-sex chromosomes on different stages of heteromorphization was discovered in Pamphagidae family. The neo-sex chromosome heteromorphization ...

The present study employed multivariate genetic item-level analyses to examine the ontology and the genetic and environmental etiology of the Big Five personality dimensions, as measured by the NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) [Costa and McCrae, Revised NEO personality inventory (NEO PI-R) and NEO five-factor inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual, 1992; Hoekstra et al., NEO personality que...

Unlike adult damage, neonatal damage to the inferior prefrontal convexity (IC) in monkeys spares learning and performance on the delayed nonmatching-to-sample (DNMS) task ( Málková et al. 2000). We investigated whether this sparing was due to compensation by undamaged orbital frontal cortex (O), an area also critical for DNMS, by comparing combined IC and O damage (Neo-ICO) with damage to O alo...

Y chromosomes often degenerate via the accumulation of pseudogenes and transposable elements. By contrast, little is known about X-chromosome degeneration. Here we compare the pseudogenization process between genes on the neo-sex chromosomes in Drosophila miranda and their autosomal orthologues in closely related species. The pseudogenization rate on the neo-X is much lower than the rate on the...

In one of Krylov’s fables, a small dog Moska barks at the elephant who pays no attention whatsoever to Moska. This image comes to my mind when I think of constructive mathematics versus “classical” (that is mainstream) mathematics. In this article, we put a few words into the elephant’s mouth. The idea to write such an article came to me in the summer of 1995 when I came across a fascinating 19...

Received June 6, 1994, and in revised form October 20, 1994. Expanded version of the Retiring Presidential Address presented to the annual meeting of the Association for Symbolic Logic at the University of Florida, Gainesville, March 7, 1994. Material from this paper was also presented in lectures to the Fifteenth Annual Wittgenstein Symposium in Kirchberg am Wechsel, Austria, and at the Univer...

Speciesists believe that membership in a particular species is morally relevant. Morally relevant properties entitle their possessors to have their interests considered preferentially relative to those individuals who lack that property. Those dispensing consideration incur obligations or, minimally, options, to act with bias. As a matter of fact, all known speciesists are human speciesists, no...