We report an infant with neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE) born following in vitro fertilisation (IVF) to a mother who was unaware of an autoimmune illness in herself. NLE is rare in the general population but the literature shows at least seven other IVF babies with this condition [1, 2, 3]. Hormonal manipulation for ovulation induction causing a flare-up of lupus activity is a possible expla...

Ear-nose-throat (ENT) manifestations of connective tissue disorders represent a diagnostic challenge for clinicians as they often constitute the initial sign of an otherwise asymptomatic autoimmune disease. Moreover, in patients with known autoimmune rheumatic diseases, ENT manifestations can be overlooked. Hearing disturbances may be seen in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, Wegener'...

We present the first reported case of juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with Klinefelter's syndrome in a 14-year-old Iranian boy who had leg ulcers and arthritis. He had low level of testosterone accompanied with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. This case emphasizes the importance of two X chromosomes as a risk factor for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in women and men with Klinefelter's syndr...