The collective communication operations of MPI, and in general MPI operations with non-local semantics, require the processes participating in the calls to provide consistent parameters, eg. a unique root process, matching type signatures and amounts for data to be exchanged, or same operator. Exhaustive consistency checks are typically too expensive to perform under normal use of MPI and would...

Although various proof rules for procedure calls in weakest precondition semantics have been proposed over the years [3, chapter 12] [4] [1], none of these is particularly suitable for calculational program construction. The problem is that they tend to yield a precondition that is tortuously expressed. For instance, let a procedure for finding the integer square root of a parameter y be specif...

Multiple calls to the same function using the same argument values are often redundant, and the result of the earlier call can be reused. This is similar to the reuse of redundant arithmetic expressions in redundancy elimination. However, only calls that will return the same results and not produce side effects can be reused. In this paper we present a static analysis that determines whether ca...

In Capital in the Twenty-First Century , Thomas Piketty uses what he calls “the second fundamental law of capitalism” to predict that wealth-to-income ratios are poised to increase dramatically as economies’ growth rates fall during the twenty-first century. This law states that in the long run the wealth-to-income ratio equals s/g, where s is the economy’s saving rate and g its growth rate. We...

background: poisoning is one of the main causes of visits to emergency departments and hospitals in iran. drug and poison information centers (dpic) are reliable sources to guide poisoned patients and provide information about pharmaceutical agents. this study was designed to analyze recorded phone calls to iran dpics during 2011-2012. methods: this was a retrospective study on phone calls to d...

this study highlights the costs and benefits of indigenous beef cattle fattening schemes in shinyanga urban and kishapu districts in tanzania. specifically, in this study the net profit (np) for fatteners between beef cattle fattening schemes has been determined. the schemes were divided into two main categories, scheme 1 in which the animals were fed on cottonseed hulls (cshl) based diets and ...