Brain injury induces disruption of the blood-brain barrier, edema, and release of autodestructive factors that produce delayed neuronal damage. NAPSVIPQ (NAP), a femtomolar-acting peptide, is shown to be neuroprotective in a mouse model of closed head injury. NAP injection after injury reduced mortality and facilitated neurobehavioral recovery (P < 0.005). Edema was reduced by 70% in the NAP-tr...

Background: Khat (Catha edulis forks, family: celastraceae) is a plant grown in East-Africa and the south west of the Arabian Peninsula. People uses for its pleasant stimulant effect of physical activity, consciousness, motor and mental functions as well as its anti-fatigue action. Although there is a rich body of research available regarding the effect of acute and chronic khat dosing in anima...

Burgeoning estimates of the prevalence of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) raise the possibility of a widespread risk factor. We seek to assess whether artificial food colorings (AFCs) contribute to the behavioral symptomatology of hyperactive syndromes. We searched ten electronic databases for double-blind placebo-controlled trials evaluating the effects of AFCs. Fifte...

OBJECTIVES Effects of acute exposure to organophosphorous pesticides (OPs), chlorphenvinphos (CVP) or chlorphyriphos (CPF) on amphetamine (AMPH)- or scopolamine (SCOP)-induced open-field locomotion were compared in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS CVP and CPF were administered intraperitoneally, both at doses resulting in about 50% inhibition of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (rbcAChE). The pest...

BACKGROUND Regular exercise reduces the risk of a first-ever stroke and is associated with smaller infarcts. Although evidence has suggested that therapeutic exercise following stroke is beneficial, we do not yet know whether exercise reduces stroke severity and improves functional recovery. The mechanisms underlying any benefit remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review and met...

BACKGROUND Despite a lack of clear evidence, multiple neurostimulants are commonly provided after severe brain injury (BI). The purpose of this study is to determine if the number of neurostimulants received during rehabilitation was associated with recovery of full consciousness or improved neurobehavioral function after severe BI. METHOD Data from 115 participants were extracted from a neur...

BACKGROUND The interaction between serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE), biogenic amino-acids and neurobehavioral function with blood lead levels in workers exposed to lead form lead-acid battery manufacturing process was not studied. OBJECTIVE To evaluate serum NSE and biogenic amino-acids (dopamine and serotonin) levels, and neurobehavioral performance among workers exposed to lead from lead...

Neurobehavioral deficits in higher cortical systems have not been described previously in a large animal model of diffuse brain injury. Anesthetized 3-5 day old piglets were subjected to either mild (142 rad/s) or moderate (188 rad/s) rapid non-impact axial rotations of the head. Multiple domains of cortical function were evaluated 5 times during the 12 day post-injury period using tests of neu...