Members of the T-box (tbx) gene family encode developmentally regulated transcription factors, several of which are implicated in human hereditary diseases. We have cloned the paralogous genes tbx15 and tbx18 in zebrafish and have characterised their expression in detail. tbx15 is expressed in paraxial head mesenchyme and its derivatives, the extraocular and jaw musculature and the posterior ne...

We report on a nearly complete cranium of Ekweeconfractus amorui gen. et sp. nov. (Hyaenodonta, Teratodontinae), from the early Miocene Moruorot, Kenya. The is dorsoventrally compressed, but sufficiently intact to allow for digital reconstruction neurocranium, resulting in endocast that gives us first glimpse into teratodontine brain morphology. virtual one most well preserved any hyaenodont kn...

The pterion is a commonly used landmark on neurocranium; classified in four types: sphenoparietal, frontotemporal, stellate and epipteric. In this study we have found out morphology and location of pterion of skull of Gujarat region and comparison of their morphology with other populations. 42 skulls of unknown gender were examined on both sides from Department of Anatomy, Medical College Bhavn...

BACKGROUND Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is a rare condition that commonly affects the clavicle and pelvis. CASE PRESENTATION We report here a case a 12 years old girl with CRMO arising with recurrent episodes of left supraorbital headache, followed by the appearance of a periorbital dyschromia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the skull and orbits revealed an important...

Abstract The woodpecker family (Picidae) includes numerous species that vary in size and plumage colouration, but which share many easily recognisable external features. These birds possess pronounced anatomical adaptions enable them to exploit arboreal habitats live niches are inaccessible most other birds. aim of this study was increase our knowledge on the relationships between skull shape, ...

The fossiliferous deposits within the lower-lying Jacovec Cavern in locality of Sterkfontein yielded valuable hominin remains, including StW 578 specimen. Because mainly preserves calotte, taxonomic status this specimen has been a matter discussion. Within context, here we employed high-resolution microtomography and landmark-free registration method to explore taxonomically diagnostic features...

Children with mental retardation present certain cranial dysmorphisms. The author has studied the extent to which these dysmorphisms are characteristic to these children. The studies were carried out on 110 children with mental retardation aged between 4 and 18 years old and on a witness batch (control group) made up of 101 neuropsychically healthy children aged 4-18. The cranial perimeter, ant...

Apert syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by malformations of the skull, limbs and viscera. Two-thirds of affected individuals have a S252W mutation in fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2). To study the pathogenesis of this condition, we generated a knock-in mouse model with this mutation. The Fgfr2(+/S252W) mutant mice have abnormalities of the skeleton, as well as ...

New CT scans of the spiral-tooth fossil, Helicoprion, resolve a longstanding mystery concerning the form and phylogeny of this ancient cartilaginous fish. We present the first three-dimensional images that show the tooth whorl occupying the entire mandibular arch, and which is supported along the midline of the lower jaw. Several characters of the upper jaw show that it articulated with the neu...

FIG 1 Pedigrees offamilies WandK clinodactyly. Syndactyly was not persent on the hands or feet. The face (fig 4a) and the neurocranium were without any apparent abnormalities, although complete disappearance of the sagittal suture was reported at the first x-ray examination performed at the age of 5. Impressions of gyri were more apparent. Case 2 (112) was the mother of the proband aged 35 year...