Muscle and nerve biopsy may be vital diagnostic tools in various neuromuscular disorders. Since these procedures are invasive, it matters to decide when perform a biopsy, which muscle or selected, how interpret the pathologies. This review addresses indications, methods of biopsies, also significant pathological findings frequently encountered pathology.

Molecular mechanisms that alter the incidence and rate of neuromuscular disease progression are, in many cases, only partially understood. Several recent studies have asked whether apolipoprotein E (apoE for the protein, APOE for the gene) influences these aspects of specific neuromuscular disorders, as it does in central nervous system disorders such as Alzheimer disease. Although these studie...

Neuromuscular disorders are a group of diseases affecting the neuro-musculo-skeletal system. Children with neuromuscular disorders frequently develop progressive spinal deformities with cardio-respiratory compromise in the most severe cases. The incidence of neuromuscular scoliosis is variable, inversely correlated with ambulatory abilities and with a reported risk ranging from 80% to 100% in n...