BACKGROUND Family physicians commonly see patients who complain of abdominal pain, the cause of which cannot be readily diagnosed. Often this pain results from abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome. METHODS Photomicrographs were obtained of the pertinent structures of the ninth thoracolumbar nerve where it passes through the rectus muscle channel. Standard hematoxylin and eosin staini...

74 Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a comprehensive term used to describe symptomatology due to compression of neurovascular bundle in the thoracic outlet region of upper extremity. The term TOS was used for the first time in the literature by Rob and Standeven.[1] It had also been termed costoclavicular syndrome, cervical rib syndrome, scalenus anticus syndrome, subclavius tendon syndrome, or...

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is one of the most controversial subjects in entrapment neuropathies. Views differ regarding the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of TOS. Some authorities even question its existence. In spite of lack of understanding of the disease, clinicians often encounter patients whose pain or neurologic deficits in the upper limb cannot be explained after ruling out ...

Introduction. Occipitocervical (OC) fusion is a method for fixation of the OC junction when there instability that segment. Arnold Chiari malformation congenital disorder where cerebellar tonsils descend through foramen magnum, which can lead to corticomedullar compression and formation syrinx. While treating this condition, purpose decompression, magnum expanded, potentially harm stability jun...

We used microneurography to measure muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in 25 hypertensive subjects and correlated these results with the presence or absence of signs of neurovascular compression (NVC) at the rostral ventrolateral (RVL) medulla on MRI. Subjects were divided into 3 groups based on MRI findings: NVC-, no MRI evidence of NVC (N=9); NVC+contact, image showing artery in contact...

The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) has a unique anatomical complexity, which is of great clinical importance and involved in many pathologies, such as aneurysm, ischemic stroke, neurovascular compression syndrome (NVCS), arteriovenous malformation (AVM) brain tumour (1).
 PICA sinuous variable trajectory, divided into 5 segments. infarction usually manifests lateral bulbar mor...