Recent DFT optimization studies on a-maltose improved our understanding of the preferred conformations of a-maltose. The present study extends these studies to a-maltotriose with three a-D-glucopyranose residues linked by two a-[1?4] bridges, denoted herein as DP-3’s. Combinations of gg, gt, and tg hydroxymethyl groups are included for both ‘‘c’’ and ‘‘r’’ hydroxyl rotamers. When the hydroxymet...

This paper estimates methane emissions from solid waste disposal sites in Panama for years 1990-2020 using both the 2006 IPCC Waste Model spreadsheet and the default emissions estimate approach presented in the 1996 IPCC Good Practice Guidelines. The IPCC Waste Model has the ability to calculate emissions from a variety of solid waste disposal site types, taking into account countryor region-sp...

Nowadays NLEEs have been the subject of allembracing studies in various branches of nonlinear sciences. Most of the phenomena in real world can be described using non-linear equations. A nonlinear phenomenon plays a vital role in applied mathematics, physics and engineering branches. Many complex nonlinear phenomenons in plasma physics, fluid dynamics, chemistry, biology, mechanics, elastic med...

The exact traveling wave solutions of the nonlinear variable coefficients Burgers-Fisher equation and the generalized Gardner equation with forced terms can be found in this article using the generalized ( ′ G )-expansion method. As a result, hyperbolic, trigonometric and rational function solutions with parameters are obtained. When these parameters are taken special values, the solitary wave ...

In the present article, we construct the exact traveling wave solutions of nonlinear PDEs in mathematical physics via the (1 + 1) dimensional modified Kawahara equation by using the following two methods: (i) A further improved ( ′ G )expansion method, where G = G(ξ) satisfies the auxiliary ordinary differential equation [G′(ξ)]2 = aG2(ξ) + bG4(ξ) + cG6(ξ), where ξ = x − V t while a, b, c and V...

In this paper, a new method is conducted for incorporating the forecasted load uncertainty into the Substation Expansion Planning (SEP) problem. This method is based on the fuzzy clustering, where the location and value of each forecasted load center is modeled by employing the probability density function according to the percentage of uncertainty. After discretization of these functions, the ...

Based on the F-expansion method, and the extended version of F-expansion method, we investigate the exact solutions of the Kudryashov-Sinelshchikov equation.With the aid ofMaple, more exact solutions expressed by Jacobi elliptic function are obtained. When themodulusmof Jacobi elliptic function is driven to the limits 1 and 0, some exact solutions expressed by hyperbolic function solutions and ...