Dr. Lederberg, a research geneticist, is past president and Sackler Foundation Scholar, The Rockefeller University. He was a pioneer in the field of bacterial genetics with the discovery of genetic recombination in bacteria. In 1958, at the age of 33, Dr. Lederberg received the Nobel Prize in Medicine for this work and subsequent research on bacterial genetics. Since 1966, he has been concerned...

While chemical warfare agents have been used in military conflict for decades, it is only in the last two decades that increased attention has been paid to the acute and chronic health effects associated with exposure to these agents. The subsequent reports of ill-defined illnesses in the veterans of the Gulf War of 1991, followed by the 1995 sarin terrorist attack in the Japanese subway system...

Due to many cyber attacks in the last years, governments are realizing how vulnerable they have become should there be a break out of a cyberwar. This urged them to establish a cyber warfare information infrastructure in a short time. However, this cyber warfare information infrastructure relies heavily on public infrastructures, like electricity and the Internet, which will be most likely targ...

Background: The major bottleneck for determination of 3 D structures of proteins using X-rays is the production of diffraction quality crystals. Often proteins are subjected to chemical modification to improve the chances of crystallization Results: Here, we report the successful crystallization of a nuclease employing a reductive methylation protocol. The key to crystallization was the success...

As electronic warfare becomes the core of modern warfare, radio frequency (RF) stealth radar is becoming focus warfare. The anti-sorting strategy RF a new effective method anti-enemy reconnaissance system. Hence, research on failure mechanism sorting algorithms has become cornerstone technology. In this paper, algorithm studied because SDIF widely used in engineering practice throughout whole w...

Prior to the 1950s the prevalent view of the ancient Maya was as a peaceful people. ln 1952, Robert Rands completed his Ph. D. thesis on the evidences of warfare in Classic Maya art, following up on the important work just completed by Tatia-na Proskouriakoff (1950). Since then, research has rapidly accumulated substantial documentation that the Maya were in fact warlike (cf. Marcus 1974; Repet...

The modern era of information warfare has also opened new avenues warfare. “Psychological War” or “PsyWar” been a non-violent weapon used to attain military aims and objectives against the enemy since biblical times while ensuring minimal loss human life. India Pakistan, after their inception, have psychologically obsessed with each other on number disputes. disputes between Pakistan are consid...

Leaf-cutting ants are well known for their highly complex social organization, which provides them with a strong defense against parasites invading their colonies. Besides this attribute, these insects have morphological, physiological and structural characteristics further reinforcing the defense of their colonies. With the discovery of symbiotic bacteria present on the integument of leaf-cutt...