It has been suggested that there are structurally distinct 'type A' and 'type B' ducts in human nipple. If so, properties such as their relative numbers, accessibility at the nipple surface, and relationships with the breast lobes they communicate with could have biological significance and practical relevance for the intraductal approach to breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. To investigate...

BACKGROUND Bronchoscopic thermal vapor ablation (BTVA) ablates emphysematous tissue through a localized inflammatory response followed by contractive fibrosis and tissue shrinkage leading to lung volume reduction that should not be influenced by collateral ventilation. OBJECTIVES To determine the correlation of clinical data from a trial of BTVA with fissure integrity visually assessed by com...

BACKGROUND Multi-detector Computed Tomography has become an invaluable tool for the diagnosis of chronic respiratory diseases. Based on CT images, the automatic algorithm to detect the fissures and divide the lung into five lobes will help regionally quantify, amongst others, the lung density, texture, airway and, blood vessel structures, ventilation and perfusion. METHODS Sagittal adaptive f...

Breast hypertrophy causes medical problems ranging from back and neck pain to dermatitis creating a demand for breast reduction surgery along with aesthetic psychological reasons. Free-nipple-graft is safeguard procedure patients who are at risk nipple necrosis pedicled techniques but has disadvantage of resultant flat breasts poor projection. Study included twenty-three postmenopausal women un...

BACKGROUND We present a novel method for augmenting the standard C-V flap used for nipple reconstruction with a free dermal graft which aims to improve the appearance of the nipple reconstruction, decrease loss of projection and improve patient satisfaction overall. METHODS The surgical technique for performing a free dermal graft augmentation of a CV flap is described. All patients who unde...

The gene networks underlying closure of the optic fissure during vertebrate eye development are poorly understood. Here, we profile global gene expression during optic fissure closure using laser capture microdissected (LCM) tissue from the margins of the fissure. From these data, we identify a unique role for the C(2)H(2) zinc finger proteins Nlz1 and Nlz2 in normal fissure closure. Gene knock...

A syringomatous adenoma of the nipple is a benign locally infiltrating neoplasm histologically similar to the syringoma of the skin. Morphologically similar lesions have been described as adenoma of the nipple or florid papillomatosis. Patient was a 33 year old woman who was admitted with a history of bloody nipple discharge from her right breast. With a clinical impression of Paget's disease e...

Background: Reduction mammoplasty techniques have evolved considerably. Today, aesthetically pleasing results and preservation of nipple sensation and vascularity are emphasized. Achieving the aforementioned goals for the patient with pseudoptosis remains challenging. Objective: We present 270° pedicle reduction mammoplasty as a safe and direct technique for treatment of pseudoptosis to reduce ...

BACKGROUND Mastitis is an acute, debilitating condition that occurs in approximately 20 % of breastfeeding women who experience a red, painful breast with fever. This paper describes the factors correlated with mastitis and investigates the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in women who participated in the CASTLE (Candida and Staphylococcus Transmission: Longitudinal Evaluation) study. The CAST...