Cysteine proteases and cystatins have many functions that remain poorly characterised, particularly in crop plants. We therefore investigated the responses of these proteins to nitrogen deficiency in wild-type soybeans and in two independent transgenic soybean lines (OCI-1 and OCI-2) that express the rice cystatin, oryzacystatin-I (OCI). Plants were grown for four weeks under either a high (5 m...

During a study of the relationship between trace element deficiencies and the free amino acids in citrus, an unknown basic nitrogen compound was detected in leaf extracts. In most samples there was more of the unknown constituent than of any other basic nitrogen compound. However, it was not present in leaf samples from trees with manganese deficiency. A comparison of its paper chromatographic ...

The regulation of carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity in maize (Zea mays L.) leaves by light and nitrogen nutrition was determined. CA activity increased by more than 100-fold in illuminated leaves and decreased in leaves placed in the dark; low levels of CA activity were observed in leaves illuminated with low light intensities. CA activity was reduced in plants grown under nitrogen deficiency an...

The responses of gas exchange and water use efficiency to nitrogen nutrition for winter wheat were investigated under well-watered and drought conditions. The photosynthetic gas exchange parameters of winter wheat are remarkably improved by water and nitrogen nutrition and the regulative capability of nitrogen nutrition is influenced by water status. The effects of nitrogen nutrition on photosy...

Triacylglycerol (TAG) is the major seed storage lipid and is important for biofuel and other renewable chemical uses. Acyl-coenzyme A:diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 (DGAT1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the TAG biosynthesis pathway, but the mechanism of its regulation is unknown. Here, we show that TAG accumulation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings increased significantly during...

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) results from prolonged deprivation of essential amino acids and total nitrogen and/or energy substrates. Growth which is a continuous process re‐ sults from the complex interaction between inheritance and environment. Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) also results from food insufficiency as well as from poor social and eco‐ nomic conditions [6, 20]. Malnutritio...

Urea cycle disorders (UCD) are human conditions caused by the dysregulation of nitrogen transfer from ammonia nitrogen into urea. The biochemistry and the genetics of these disorders were well elucidated. Earlier diagnosis and improved treatments led to an emerging, longer-lived cohort of patients. The natural history of some of these disorders began to point to pathophysiological processes tha...

The increasing food demands from an expanding population necessitate global efforts to increase crop production and ensure food security. The rate of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application is strongly related to crop yield. However, although the application of N fertilizer significantly increases the number of tillers in rice, late emerging tillers usually produce lower yields compared with early ...

A long-term study of gonadal function was conducted in 46 men and 28 women in prolonged remission of advanced Hodgkin's disease after cyclical combination chemotherapy with nitrogen mustard, vinblastine, prednisolone, and procarbazine. The mean follow-up was 6.9 years. Azoospermia or profound oligospermia occurred in 36 of the men, but late recovery was occasionally observed. Testosterone secre...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS White lupin is highly adapted to growth in a low-P environment. The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether white lupin grown under P-stress has adaptations in nodulation and N2 fixation that facilitate continued functioning. METHODS Nodulated plants were grown in silica sand supplied with N-free nutrient solution containing 0 to 0.5 mm P. At 21 and 37 d aft...