Abstract Background and Aims Obesity hyperlipidemia are well established risks factors for kidney injury that can lead to chronic disease (CKD). N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) expressed in the they involved pathology of different renal diseases. The main objective this study was establish role NMDAR lipotoxicity-induced injury. Method In vivo, we used C57BL/6J mice fed a normal diet (N...

The present study examined the relationship between an important energy-generating enzyme (cytochrome oxidase; CO), a key energy-consuming enzyme (Na+ K+ ATPase) and neurochemicals associated with excitatory glutamatergic synapses (NMDAR1 and neuronal nitric oxide synthase, nNOS) in the adult macaque retina. Polyclonal antibodies against neuronal nitric oxide synthase and N-methyl-D-aspartate r...

The reduced expression of the Sp4 gene in Sp4 hypomorphic mice resulted in subtle vacuolization in the hippocampus as well as deficits in sensorimotor gating and contextual memory, putative endophenotypes for schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. In this study, we examined both spatial learning/memory and hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) of Sp4 hypomorphic mice. Impaired spatia...