Exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) has been linked to increased mortality in several epidemiological studies but the question remains of whether NO2 is directly responsible for the health effects or is only an indicator of other pollutants, including particulate matter. The aim of the present review was to provide pooled estimates of the long-term effects of NO2 on mortality, which are ...

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China at the end of 2019, became a major threat to health around world by causing acute COVID-19 infection. After recovery, significant number patients experience prolonged symptoms, long COVID syndrome. The prevalence syndrome, its severity and relation between clinical parameters impact were not studied Myanmar. Methods: A prospectiv...

Address for correspondence: Stephanie Bell, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Department of Economics, 211 Haag Hall, 5100 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; email [email protected] *University of Missouri-Kansas City. This paper was written while the author was Cambridge University Visiting Scholar at the Jerome Levy Economics Institute and was presented at the 1998 meetings of the Eas...

Motor skill learning is one of the key components of motor function recovery after stroke, especially recovery driven by neurorehabilitation. Transcranial direct current stimulation can enhance neurorehabilitation and motor skill learning in stroke patients. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the retention of stimulation-enhanced motor skill learning involving a paretic upper limb have n...

Issue addressed: International studies have consistently found that exposure to air pollutants is higher inside cars than outside. However, few studies have compared personal exposure to air pollutants by travel mode focusing on usual travel patterns. Objectives: To compare the exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for commuters in central Sydne...

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a ubiquitous air pollutant with high concentrations particularly close to main roads. The focus of this study was on possible differences in NO2 concentrations between adult and child heights as a function of different distances from heavily trafficked roads in urban areas. Passive diffusion tubes were used to measure NO2 concentrations at heights of 0.8 m (approximate...

Human exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2), an air pollutant of increasing interest in biology, results in several toxic effects to human health and also to the air microbiota. The aim of this study was to investigate the bacterial response to gaseous NO2. Two Pseudomonas fluorescens strains, namely the airborne strain MFAF76a and the clinical strain MFN1032 were exposed to 0.1, 5, or 45 ppm conc...

In order to investigate nocturnal uptake and assimilation of NO2 by C3 and crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants, they were fumigated with 4 microl l(-1) 15N-labeled nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for 8 h. The amount of NO2 and assimilation of NO2 by plants were determined by mass spectrometry and Kjeldahl-nitrogen based mass spectrometry, respectively. C3 plants such as kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus)...

We compare a full-year (2006) record of surface air NO2 concentrations measured in Israeli cities to coinciding retrievals of tropospheric NO2 columns from satellite sensors (SCIAMACHY aboard ENVISAT and OMI aboard Aura). This provides a large statistical data set for validation of NO2 satellite measurements in urban air, where validation 5 is difficult yet crucial for using these measurements ...

An ELISA for urine microalbumin using microtiter plates has been developed. The assay uses polyclonal anti-human albumin antibody for coating the microtiter plates and the same antibody conjugated with horseradish peroxidase for detection. The assay sensitivity is 1.6 μg/ml. Results by this in-house ELISA show good correlation (r = 0.99) with those obtained by a commercial assay using the Behri...