Since during design it is impossible to use the uncertainty approach because the measurement results are still absent and as noted the error approach that can be successfully applied taking as true the nominal value of instruments transformation function. Limiting possibilities of additive error correction of measuring instruments for Cyber-Physical Systems are studied basing on general and spe...

Increased interest in high resolution ocean wind measurements, as well as excellent past performance, has led to the development of enhanced resolution applications of SeaWinds on QuikSCAT scatterometer data. An essential requirement of this development is the validation of the cell location accuracy the latitude and longitude of each measurement. This paper discusses two methods of validating ...

A comparison of the Josephson array voltage standards of the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) and the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig, Germany, was carried out in October 2014 at the level of 10 V. For this exercise, options A and B of the BIPM.EM-K10.b comparison protocol were applied. Option B required the BIPM to provide a reference voltage for measu...

in recent years, iran has experienced high level depreciation of the nominal exchange rate (ner). the ultimate effects of such depreciation on iranian families’ welfare and income distribution have been a challenging issue among policymakers and researchers. accordingly, this study evaluates the economic effects of ner depreciation on the rice market, using spatial price equilibrium model. the ...

This paper discusses meanings of intra-generational mobility when variables take values corresponding to either unordered or ordered categories. We propose concepts of maximum and minimum mobility, along with mobility-inducing transformations and related desirable properties. Then we axiomatically characterize indices of individual mobility and social mobility. Our first set of concepts, proper...