The simplest form of the adiabatic gas relation is the observation that the temperature of a thermally insulated gas increases when it is compressed and decreases when it is expanded. According to the historical review of this subject by Kuhn, the first publication documenting this behavior was by the Scottish physician William Cullen in the mid17th century. Experimental observations were summa...

We report the observation of local structural dipoles that emerge from an undistorted ground state on warming, in contrast to conventional structural phase transitions in which distortions emerge on cooling. Using experimental and theoretical probes of the local structure, we demonstrate this behavior in binary lead chalcogenides, which were believed to adopt the ideal, undistorted rock-salt st...

We have applied density functional methods to predict the nucleation rates of bubbles in superheated, stretched, or supersaturated binary fluid mixtures. Our model uses Lennard-Jones mixtures, with mixing rules chosen to allow either ideal or nonideal solution behavior. Deviations from the predictions of classical nucleation theory are in general quite large, with the locus of observable bubble...

Abstract In the causal theory of relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics, there are conditions on the equation of state and other thermodynamic properties such as the second-order coefficients of a fluid that need to be satisfied to guarantee that the fluid perturbations propagate causally and obey hyperbolic equations. The second-order coefficients in the causal theory, which are the relaxatio...

in this paper, the application of neural networks for simulation and optimization of the cogeneration systems has been presented. cgam problem, a benchmark in cogeneration systems, is chosen as a casestudy. thermodynamic model includes precise modeling of the whole plant. for simulation of the steadysate behavior, the static neural network is applied. then using dynamic neural network, plant is...

Compensation between adsorption entropies and enthalpies results in less than a two-fold variation in adsorption equilibrium constants for C3–C6 alkanes at temperatures relevant for monomolecular cracking; the size-independent activation energy for C–C bond activation in C3–C6 alkanes indicates that the marked increase in monomolecular cracking turnover rates observed with alkane chain size ref...

Singularities of thermodynamic quantities in equilibrium critical phenomena are characterized by well defined critical exponents. The set of critical exponents determine the universality class of a system in the thermodynamic limit. In numerical simulations, the results are very often limited by the finite system size L. There is rounding and shifting of critical singularities in finite systems...

A localized change in a protein, which occurs as a result of either ligand binding or single amino acid substitution, necessarily encounters the conformational uctuation of the rest of the protein. Both the entropy and the enthalpy associated with the change consist of contributions from uctuations in the atoms surrounding the localized site, but they compensate. A novel thermodynamic ensemble ...