The vitreoretinal interface is involved in a wide range of vitreoretinal disorders and separation of the posterior vitreous face from the retinal surface is an essential part of vitrectomy surgeries. A diverse range of enzymatic and non-enzymatic agents are being studied as an adjunct before or during vitrectomy to facilitate the induction of posterior vitreous detachment. There is a significan...

This article discusses the relative contraindications to the use of vasoconstrictor in patients currently medicated with tricyciic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, phenothiazines and P-blockers. It reviews drug interactions and emphasizes potential detrimental systemic effects that epinephrine contained in !ocal anesthetics can have when administered concomitantly with these drugs...

Orthostatic hypotension (OH), defined as a decline in blood pressure when a person moves from a supine to sitting or standing position, is a common physical finding in the primary care setting. It is associated with several medical conditions and its prevalence increases with age. Treatment is specific to cause. Drug-induced OH often can be alleviated by reducing dosage or completely changing m...

The combination of an aging population and advances in critical care medicine is resulting in a growing number of survivors of critical illness [1]. Survivors’ descriptions of their stay in an intensive care unit (ICU) are frequently filled with traumatic events, and include experiences of confusion, anxiety, sleeplessness, pain, and loneliness [2, 3]. Sedative and anxiolytic medications admini...

nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld) is increasing in pediatric age group parallel to the growing prevalence of obesity and overweight all around the world. so changing in life style and   interventions on obesogenic environment is cornerstone of nafld therapy in obese children. some experts recommend that children and adolescents be encouraged to follow a low-fat, low-glycemic-index diet t...

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, affecting approximately 300 million people worldwide. Asthma results in airway hyperresponsiveness, leading to paroxysmal symptoms of wheeze, cough, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. When these symptoms remain uncontrolled, despite treatment with high doses of inhaled and ingested corticosteroids, asthmatic patients are predispose...