INTRODUCTION been carried out with anthocyanin as a marker of vacuolar material and with various enzymes as markers of mitochondrial and hyaloplasmic commethod of isolating cell organelles (2) and its markers of mitochondrial and hyaloplasmic commodification for use in isolating chloroplasts (3, ponents 5, 13), it has been used extensively in the study visual observations of the purity of these...

A variety of alcohols readily add to 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran under solvent free conditions in the presence of catalytic amount of acidic ionic liquid [Et3N(CH2)4SO3H][OTs] to afford the corresponding tetrahydropyranyl ethers in good to excellent yields at room temperature. The use of this procedure allows easy separation of the desired products ...

A variety of alcohols readily add to 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran under solvent free conditions in the presence of catalytic amount of acidic ionic liquid [Et3N(CH2)4SO3H][OTs] to afford the corresponding tetrahydropyranyl ethers in good to excellent yields at room temperature. The use of this procedure allows easy separation of the desired products ...

The dissociation of t-butyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid copolymers in dimethyl sulfoxide was analyzed by a nonaqueous potentiometric titration technique. The negative logarithm of the dissociation constant of the monomer unit of a methacrylic acid (MAA) monotonously increased with the increasing degree of dissociation corresponding to the titrant/MAA amount ratio, and was highly influenced by...

Venusian lava channels have meander dimensions that relate to their mode of formation. Their meander properties generally follow terrestrial river trends of wavelength (L) to width (W) ratios, suggesting an equilibrium adjustment of channel form. Slightly higher L/W for many Venusian channels in comparison to terrestrial rivers may relate to nonaqueous flow processes. The unusually low L/W valu...

The organic flow batteries have been considered as the promising systems for electrochemical energy storage because of their potential advantages in promoting density and lowering cost electrolytes. Enormous efforts devoted to design high-performance batteries, but fundamental technological hurdles remain be overcome. Herein, we summarize current state both aqueous nonaqueous systems, discuss l...