S systems found throughout physics, chemistry, and biology manifest striking properties as a result of their tiny dimensions. Examples of such systems include magnetic domains in ferromagnets, which are typically smaller than 300 nm; quantum dots and biological molecular machines that range in size from 2 to 100 nm; and solidlike clusters that are important in the relaxation of glassy systems a...

We combine the shear-transformation-zone (STZ) theory of amorphous plasticity with Edwards' statistical theory of granular materials to describe shear flow in a disordered system of thermalized hard spheres. The equations of motion for this system are developed within a statistical thermodynamic framework analogous to that which has been used in the analysis of molecular glasses. For hard spher...

We develop the stochastic approach to thermodynamics based on stochastic dynamics, which can be discrete (master equation) and continuous (Fokker-Planck equation), and on two assumptions concerning entropy. The first is the definition of entropy itself and the second the definition of entropy production rate, which is non-negative and vanishes in thermodynamic equilibrium. Based on these assump...

Dissipative effects in electromagnetism on macroscopic scales are examined by coarse-graining the microscopic Maxwell equations with respect to time. We illustrate a procedure to derive the dissipative effects on the macroscopic scale by using a Green-Kubo type expression in terms of the microscopic fluctuations and the correlations between them. The resulting macroscopic Maxwell equations are ...

In nonequilibrium thermodynamics and information theory, the relative entropy (or, KL divergence) plays a very important role. Consider Hölder Jacobian J Ruelle (transfer) operator $${\mathcal {L}}_{\log J}.$$ Two equilibrium probabilities $$\mu _1$$ _2$$ , can interact via discrete-time Thermodynamic Operation given by action of dual $$ {\mathcal J}^*$$ . We argue that law \rightarrow J}^*(\mu...

The nonequilibrium thermodynamics framework is tailored in the present paper to formulate the gas/liquid/solid system. In this system, there are two important issues, namely, the contact line motion and contact angle change, and shear stress singularity, during the dynamic evolution. Traditionally, the fluid mechanics approach has been applied to model these two issues. In the present paper, we...

Entropy might be a not well defined concept if the system can undergo transformations involving stationary nonequilibria. It might be analogous to the heat content (once called “caloric”) in transformations that are not isochoric (i.e. which involve mechanical work): it could be just a quantity that can be transferred or created, like heat in equilibrium. The text first reviews the philosophy b...

Hybrid molecular dynamics/Monte Carlo simulations are used to study melts of unentangled, thermoreversibly associating supramolecular polymers. In this first of a series of papers, we describe and validate a model that is effective in separating the effects of thermodynamics and chemical kinetics on the dynamics and mechanics of these systems, and is extensible to arbitrarily nonequilibrium sit...

Abstract. We study a nonequilibrium Langevin many-body system in which two particles are trapped by a potential and many bath particles are driven by an external driving force in the background of the two. By numerical simulations of the model, we discuss an effective description of the two trapped particles in a nonequilibrium steady state. In particular, we investigate several types of force ...