T his study evaluates the causality relationship between human capital and foreign direct investment inflow in twenty-six OIC (the Organization of Islamic Cooperation) countries over the period 1970–2014. We employed the panel Granger non-causality testing approach of Kònya (2006) that is based on seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) systems, and Wald tests with country specific boot...

This paper examines non-linear adaptation to change in the high-technology environment of the computer industry. These environments are defined and the efficacy of different organizational adaptations is assessed with respect to these environments. Results from our analyses show that there is a direct and causal relationship between the employment of nonlinear organizational archetypes and orga...

this paper investigates the relationship between total energy consumption and gdp in six countries of the middle east , including iran,pakistan,saudi arabia,oman,bahrain and the united arab emirates. the data are annual and spanning the period 1980-2012.we employed hsiao’s (1981) methodology to examine causality relation between total energy consumption and gdp.the empirical findings show a uni...

We consider the Cauchy problem on the positive half-line for the differential-delay equation ü(t) + 2c0(t)u̇(t) + c1(t)u̇(t − h) + d0(t)u(t) + d1(t)u(t − h) + d2(t)u(t − 2h) = 0 where ck(t), dj(t) (t ≥ 0; k = 0, 1; j = 0, 1, 2) are continuous functions. Conditions providing the positivity of the Green function and a lower bound for that function are derived. Our results are new even in the case o...

This paper aims to investigate the direction of causality between economic growth, energy consumption and trade openness in case of Iran for the period 1967–2012. We apply the newly developed combined cointegration test proposed by Bayer and Hanck (2013). Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) is applied to determine the direction of causality between these three variables. The result of Bayer-Ha...

To explain how stimuli cause consciousness, we have to explain causality. We can’t trace linear causal chains from receptors after the first cortical synapse, so we use circular causality to explain neural pattern formation by self-organizing dynamics. But an aspect of intentional action is causality, which we extrapolate to material objects in the world. Thus causality is a property of mind, n...

Identifying causal relations from time series is the first step to understanding the behavior of complex systems. Although many methods have been proposed, few papers have applied multiple methods together to detect causal relations based on time series generated from coupled nonlinear systems with some unobserved parts. Here we propose the combined use of three methods and a majority vote to i...

this paper examines the causal relationship between energy use and real gdp for the period 1967-2002 in iran. the results of phillips- perron test indicate that the real gdp and the four categories of energy, i.e. coal, oil, gas, and hydroelectric energy are integrated of order one. besides, the johansen — juselius maximum likelihood co- integration tests imply the existence of granger causalit...