Let G be a connected graph. A function f : V (G) → {0, 1, 2, 3} is double Roman dominating of if for each v ∈ with f(v) = 0, has two adjacent vertices u and w which f(u) f(w) 2 or an vertex 3, to either 3. The minimum weight ωG(f) P v∈V the domination number G. In this paper, we continue study introduced studied by R.A. Beeler et al. in [2]. First, characterize some numbers small values terms 2...

Define a Roman dominating function (RDF) of a graph G to be a function f : V (G) → {0, 1, 2} such that every u with f(u) = 0 has a neighbor v with f(v) = 2. The weight of f , w(f), is ∑ v∈V (G) f(v). The Roman domination number of G, γR(G), is the minimum weight of an RDF of G. It is easy to see that γ(G) ≤ γR(G) ≤ 2γ(G), where γ(G) is the domination number of G. In this paper, we determine pro...

For a graph property P and a graph G, a subset S of the vertices of G is a P-set if the subgraph induced by S has the property P. A P-Roman dominating function on a graph G is a labeling f : V (G) → {0, 1, 2} such that every vertex with label 0 has a neighbor with label 2 and the set of all vertices with label 1 or 2 is a P-set. The P-Roman domination number γPR(G) of G is the minimum of Σv∈V (...

In this paper we study the signed Roman dominationnumber of the join of graphs. Specially, we determine it for thejoin of cycles, wheels, fans and friendship graphs.

We provide two algorithms counting the number of minimum Roman dominating functions of a graph on n vertices in (1.5673) n time and polynomial space. We also show that the time complexity can be reduced to (1.5014) n if exponential space is used. Our result is obtained by transforming the Roman domination problem into other combinatorial problems on graphs for which exact algorithms already exist.

It is well-known that each nonnegative integral flow of a directed graph can be decomposed into a sum of nonnegative graph circuit flows, which cannot be further decomposed into nonnegative integral sub-flows. This is equivalent to saying that indecomposable flows of graphs are those graph circuit flows. Turning from graphs to signed graphs, the indecomposable flows are much richer than that of...