The nonthermal particle content of galaxy clusters should in part have a cosmological component generated during the early starburst phase of the member galaxies. This is reviewed in the framework of a simple cluster formation model suggested previously. It implies a nonthermal energy fraction of about 10 percent for the Intracluster gas. We also propose a mechanism for the early generation of ...

OBJECTIVE We observed that repeated thermal therapy improved appetite loss and general well-being in patients with chronic heart failure. The purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of repeated thermal therapy in mildly depressed patients with appetite loss and subjective complaints. METHODS Twenty-eight mildly depressed inpatients with general fatigue, appetite loss, and somatic and ...

The continuum emission of stellar flares in UV and visible bands can be enhanced by two or even three orders of magnitude relative to the quiescent level and is usually characterised by a blue colour. Thermal atmospheric models are difficult to reproduce all these spectral features. If the flaring process involves the acceleration of energetic electrons which then precipitate downwards to heat ...

We have measured the kinetic energy distributions of neutral halogen atoms emitted due to electron-stimulated desorption (ESD) from In-doped (001)KBr single crystals. The concentration of In + in investigated samples varied between 10” and 10” particles/cm3. The measurements were performed at target temperature of 150°C. In all cases the energy spectra consist of two peaks. The distribution of ...

We present a long BeppoSAX observation of Abell 754 that reports a nonthermal excess with respect to the thermal emission at energies greater than ∼ 45 keV. A VLA radio observation at 1.4 GHz definitely confirms the existence of diffuse radio emission in the central region of the cluster, previously suggested by images at 74 and 330 MHz (Kassim et al. 2001), and reports additional features. Bes...

AIM To investigate the effect of nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma on intracoronal tooth bleaching in blood stained human teeth. METHODOLOGY Forty extracted single-root and blood stained human teeth were used. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups (n=20): group 1 received 30% HP activated by nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma in the pulp chamber for 30 min, whilst group 2 r...

The flaring and fading radio, optical, and X-ray afterglows from GRB 970508 are modeled by a highly relativistic plasma sphere which decelerates by sweeping up ambient gas. The afterglow emission is assumed to be synchrotron radiation emitted by nonthermal electrons in the magnetized plasmoid. The temporal behavior of the delayed emission is controlled by the evolution of the Doppler factor and...

BACKGROUND Radiofrequency ablation has limitations, largely related to creation of lesions by heating. Here, we report the first nonthermal ablation by applying photodynamic therapy (PDT) to cardiac tissues using a custom-made deflectable laser catheter. The present study investigated the feasibility of PDT for cavotricuspid isthmus ablation in a canine model. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated...

Processing food extensively by thermal and nonthermal techniques is a unique and universal human practice. Food processing increases palatability and edibility and has been argued to increase energy gain. Although energy gain is a well-known effect from cooking starch-rich foods, the idea that cooking meat increases energy gain has never been tested. Moreover, the relative energetic advantages ...

We investigate the interaction of nonthermal ions (protons and nuclei) accelerated in an ultrarelativistic blastwave with the pre-existing magnetic field of the medium into which the blastwave propagates. While particle acceleration processes such as diffusive shock acceleration can accelerate ions and electrons, the accelerated electrons suffer larger radiative losses. Under certain conditions...