BACKGROUND Dexmedetomidine, an alpha₂-adrenoceptor agonist, has been evaluated as an adjunct to anesthesia and for the delivery of sedation and perioperative hemodynamic stability. It provokes dose-dependent and centrally-mediated sympatholysis. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with extracorporeal circulation is a stressful procedure increasing sympathetic nervous system activity which co...

Wharton, B. A., Gough, G., Williams, A., Kitts, S., and Pennock, C. A. (1972). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 47,74. Urinary total hydroxyproline: creatinine ratio. Range of normal, and clinical application in British children. The total hydroxyproline: creatinine ratio has been determined in random samples of urine collected from 1577 normal Bristol children and from children with hypothyro...

Estimation of serum C-peptide (SCP) is used as a measure of endogenous insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Urinary CPeptide (UCP) and urinary C-Peptide creatinine ratio (UCPCR) are non invasive, simple and easily reproducible tests which may be considered as an alternative for SCP. In our study we estimated fasting serum C-peptide, urinary C-peptide and UCPCR in Type 2 Diabete...

Treatment c Optimize glucose control to reduce the risk or slow the progression of diabetic kidney disease. A c Optimize blood pressure control (,140/90 mmHg) to reduce the risk or slow the progression of diabetic kidney disease. A c For people with nondialysis-dependent diabetic kidney disease, dietary protein intake should be 0.8 g/kg body weight per day (the recommended daily allowance). For...

Chronic occult lead poisoning often develops ensuing occupational lead exposure. Early diagnosis of lead poisoning is critical for timely discontinuation of lead exposure and for prognosis. This study explored the value of urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in diagnosing renal injury induced by lead at an early stage. We retrospectively analyzed 92 workers exposed to occupational lead and...

A classical twin study was performed to assess the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors to serum levels of calcium, phosphate and magnesium, urinary levels of calcium, sodium and potassium, and creatinine clearance. The subjects were 1747 adult female twin pairs: 539 monozygotic and 1208 dizygotic. The intraclass correlations were calculated, and maximum-likelihood model ...