Metamorphic testing has been applied in various systems from different domains. Many studies showed that the selection of metamorphic relations greatly affected the effectiveness of metamorphic testing. However, these studies mainly focused on the fault-detection effectiveness. They did not consider the cost that metamorphic relations involved, such as the number of test inputs. Good metamorphi...

The complexity of the system design is increasing very rapidly as the number of transistors on Integrated Circuits (IC) doubles as per Moore’s law. There is big challenge of testing this complex VLSI circuit, in which whole system is integrated into a single chip called System on Chip (SOC). Cost of testing the SOC is also increasing with complexity. Cost modeling plays a vital role in reductio...

A growing body of recent work has identified several problems with economic evaluations undertaken alongside controlled trials that can have potentially serious impacts on the ability of decision makers to draw valid conclusions. At the same time, the use of cost-effectiveness models has been drawn into question, due to the alleged arbitrary nature of their construction. This has led researcher...

the machine to be designed and developed with a view to resolve one ofthe irksome problems of this institute has been facing every year. this institute issurrounded by vast non- fertile land area of about 200 acres, which becomes widelyoccupied by numerous breads of bushes and shrubs during post-rainy season. due tothis unwanted proliferation of such verdant institute gets abysmal look and that...

BACKGROUND Detection of acute HIV infection (AHI) with pooled nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) following HIV testing is feasible. However, cost-effectiveness analyses to guide policy around AHI screening are lacking; particularly after more sensitive third-generation antibody screening and rapid testing. METHODS AND FINDINGS We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis of pooled NAAT s...

ÐThis paper describes the use of formal development methods on an industrial safety-critical application. The Z notation was used for documenting the system specification and part of the design, and the SPARK subset of Ada was used for coding. However, perhaps the most distinctive nature of the project lies in the amount of proof that was carried out: proofs were carried out both at the Z level...

AIMS The recommended method for the international sensitivity index (ISI) calibration of whole blood point of care testing (POCT) prothrombin time (PT) systems was originally described by Tripodi et al in 1993 but is too complex and demanding. The present European Concerted Action on Anticoagulation (ECAA) study aimed to assess the reliability of simpler ISI calibration using lyophilised plasma...

We report a case of intolerance to warfarin dosing due to impaired drug metabolism in a patient heterozygous for the CYP2C9*3 allele. A 30-year-old woman with an artificial cardiac pacemaker was taking warfarin to prevent thromboembolism. This patient had an extremely elevated international normalized ratio (INR) of prothrombin time (PT) following standard doses of warfarin and experienced diff...

the hotelling's  control chart, is the most widely used multivariate procedure for monitoring  two or more related quality characteristics, but it’s power lacks the desired performance in detecting small to moderate shifts. recently, the variable sampling intervals (vsi) control scheme in which the length of successive sampling intervals is determined upon the preceding values has been pro...