Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the differences of kinetic and kinematic variables in middle-aged women with genu varum and normal knee angle during walking and running. Methods: Eight middle-aged women with genu varum (age: 45.12 ±12.74 y, height: 160.62 ± 5.26 cm, weight: 71.75 ± 16.38 kg, right tibiofemoral angle: -4 ± 3.9, left tibiofemoral angle: -5.1 ± 4.6) and 7 wi...

Many applications of causal analysis call for assessing, retrospectively, the effect of withholding an action that has in fact been implemented. This counterfactual quantity, sometimes called “effect of treatment on the treated,” (ETT) have been used to to evaluate educational programs, critic public policies, and justify individual decision making. In this paper we explore the conditions under...

Let SN(P) be the poset obtained by adding a dummy vertex on each diagonal edge of the N’s of a finite poset P. We show that SN(SN(P)) is N-free. It follows that this poset is the smallest N-free barycentric subdivision of the diagram of P, poset whose existence was proved by P.A. Grillet. This is also the poset obtained by the algorithm starting with P0 := P and consisting at step m of adding a...

In cognitive radio networks, the licensed frequency bands of the primary users (PUs) are available to the secondary user (SU) provided that they do not cause significant interference to the PUs. In this paper, we analyzed the normalized throughput of the SU with multiple PUs coexisting under any Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) communication protocol. We consider a cognitive radio tran...

We introduce two real entire functions fA 1 2∞ and fD 1 2∞ in two variables, having only two critical values 0 and 1. Associated maps C → C define topologically locally trivial fibrations over C\{0, 1}. The critical points over 0 and 1 are ordinary double points, whose associated vanishing cycles in the generic fiber span its middle homology group and their intersection diagram forms the bi-par...

This paper reports the present status of the integrated performance achieved in tokamak experiments and critical issues towards DEMO reactor. The achieved integrated performance towards DEMO reactor is visualized using by introducing the radar-screen diagram with the normalized performance. The normalized plasma parameters foreseen in DEMO have been developed experimentally in world-wide, but t...

Instrumental variable (IV) methods are increasingly being used in comparative effectiveness research. Studies using these methods often compare 2 particular treatments, and the researchers perform their IV analyses conditional on patients' receiving this subset of treatments (while ignoring the third option of "neither treatment"). The ensuing selection bias that occurs due to this restriction ...

E ective techniques have been developed for some important families of graph layouts, such as hierarchies, planar embeddings, orthogonal grids and forced-directed (spring) models [1]. These techniques have been incorporated in practical user interfaces that display static diagrams of relationships between objects [19, 18, 17]. Static diagrams are not completely satisfactory because in many situ...

Stress induced yielding/fluidization in disordered solids, characterized by irreversibility and enhanced dissipation, is important for a wide range of industrial geological processes. Although, such phenomena thermal systems have been extensively studied, they remain poorly understood granular solids. Here, using oscillatory shear rheology in-situ optical imaging, we study energy dissipation de...

In this paper, a variable step-size block normalized least mean square (VSSBNLMS) algorithm is derived to cancel the feedback interference in a Digital On-Channel Repeater (DOCR) for the Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting (DTTB) networks. By dividing the input signal into blocks with the same length and updating the tap weights once per every block, the computational complexity can be ...