Although the immune responses to intestinal nematode infection have been well studied and have been shown to be strongly driven by Th2-associated cytokines in mice, such information has been limited with respect to rats. We investigated changes in levels of the mRNAs encoding interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and gamma interferon in the mesenteric lymph nodes of rats infected with ...

The present experiments, utilizing the high-throughput vascular protocol of PhysGen (Program for Genomic Applications) characterized the responses of aortic rings to vasoconstrictor (phenylephrine) and vasodilator (acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside, and reduced tissue bath Po(2)) stimuli in consomic rat strains derived from a cross between the Fawn Hooded Hypertensive rat (FHH/EurMcwi) and th...

1Department of Oncology and Palliative Medicine, Nordland Hospital, 8092 Bodø, Norway 2 Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway 3Radiation Oncology Unit, Nordlandssykehuset HF, P.O. Box 1480, 8092 Bodø, Norway 4Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, 9038 Tromsø, Norway 5Northern Norway Regional Health Authori...

Control of rodent pests worldwide relies heavily on the use of rodenticides. In the 40s’, O’Connor (1948) isolated and first suggested the use of dicoumarol (a naturally occurring substance responsible for the “sweet clover disease” in cattle) as a rodenticide. In the early 50s’, anticoagulant rodenticides (warfarin and later indane-dione derivatives) replaced the acute poisons with great succe...

Urban rats (Rattus spp.) are among the most ubiquitous pest species in the world. Previous research has shown that rat abundance is largely determined by features of the environment; however, the specific urban environmental factors that influence rat population density within cities have yet to be clearly identified. Additionally, there are no well described tools or methodologies for conducti...

1 Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway 2 Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway 3 Centre for Nuclear Medicine/PET, Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway 4 Institute for Surgical Sciences, University of Bergen, Norway 5 Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway 6 Departme...

1 Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway 2 Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020, Norway 3 Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021, Bergen, Norway 4 Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020, Norway 5 Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Be...

Abstract Norway rats ( Rattus norvegicus ) are considered one of the most significant vertebrate pests globally, because their impacts on human and animal health. There legal moral obligations to minimise wildlife management welfare, yet there few data relative welfare rat trapping baiting methods used in UK with which inform decisions. Two stakeholder workshops were facilitated assess six leth...