Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are important pollinators and their health is threatened worldwide by persistent exposure to a wide range of factors including pesticides, poor nutrition, and pathogens. Nosema ceranae is a ubiquitous microsporidian associated with high colony mortality. We used lab micro-colonies of honey bees and video analyses to track the effects of N. ceranae infection and expos...

The honey bee is a major insect used for pollination of many commercial crops worldwide. Although the use of honey bees for pollination can disrupt the habitat, the effects on their physiology have never been determined. Recently, honey bee colonies have often collapsed when introduced in greenhouses for pollination in Japan. Thus, suppressing colony collapses and maintaining the number of work...

Cédric Alaux,1* Jean-Luc Brunet,2 Claudia Dussaubat,1 Fanny Mondet,2 Sylvie Tchamitchan,2 Marianne Cousin,2 Julien Brillard,3 Aurelie Baldy,1 Luc P. Belzunces2 and Yves Le Conte1 1INRA, UMR 406 Abeilles et Environnement, Laboratoire Biologie et Protection de l’abeille, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon, France. 2INRA, UMR 406 Abeilles et Environnement, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, Si...

Two pathogens co-infecting a common host can either interact positively (facilitation), negatively (competition) or act independently. A correlative study has suggested that two pathogens of the honey bee, Nosema ceranae and Deformed wing virus (DWV), interact negatively within a host (Costa et al., 2011). To test this hypothesis, we sequentially co-infected honey bees with these pathogens in a...

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Honey bees can host a remarkably large number of different parasites and pathogens, some are known drivers recent declines in wild managed bee populations. Here, we studied the interactions between fungal pathogen Nosema apis seminal fluid Western honey ( Apis mellifera ). contains multiple antimicrobial molecules that kill N. spores therefore hypothesized activities genetically driven by genot...

Beekeeping, performed in many parts of the world, has a very large place world trade market with bee products such as wax, venom, propolis and royal jelly, especially honey production. However, diseases are quite common restricted production products. One most important these diseases, Nosema, is caused by spores intestinal epithelium cells honeybee. Nosema apis ceranae factors this disease als...