Note taking is a fundamental activity for learning, and many software tools which enable students to take digitized notes have been proposed. Digitized notes are advantageous because they can be easily edited, rearranged, and shared. Although many note-taking tools have been proposed, there has been little research to examine the effect of note annotation and rearrangement with a digitized tool...

The present study (n = 357) investigates the effects of collaborative note-taking behaviors on learning performance and note quality. To conceptualize note-taking, introduces encoding-storage paradigm, where writing are viewed as types encoding completeness or comprehensiveness notes is a measure storage. following were analyzed: volume words written, edits others’ writing, frequency sessions, ...

The main concern of the present study is to probe the relationship between note-taking strategy and students' listening comprehension (LC) ability. To conduct the study, a language proficiency test was administered to the undergraduate students majoring in English Translation at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz and sixty students were selected to enter into the next phase of the experiment. T...

In line with the goal of limiting health risk behaviors in adolescence, a growing literature investigates whether individual differences in functional brain responses can be related to vulnerability to engage in risky decision-making. We review this body of work, investigate when and in what way findings converge, and provide best practice recommendations. We identified 23 studies that examined...

Lasers have caused revolutionary changes in many fields of science and technology. Since 1960, six orders of magnitude, from 10 to 10 seconds, have been added to time-resolved observation of fast phenomena, which makes ultrafast research grows rapidly among materials science, biology, and chemistry. The use of these ultrashort high-power pulses went hand-in-hand with their development and alrea...

An increasing number of studies in a wide range of natural systems have investigated how pulses of resource availability influence ecological processes at individual, population, and community levels. Taken together, these studies suggest that some common processes may underlie pulsed resource dynamics in a wide diversity of systems. Developing a common framework of terms and concepts for the s...

We present previously undescribed spatial group patterns that emerge in a one-dimensional hyperbolic model for animal group formation and movement. The patterns result from the assumption that the interactions governing movement depend not only on distance between conspecifics, but also on how individuals receive information about their neighbors and the amount of information received. Some of ...