We report on a direct experimental evidence of shot noise in a linear macro-scopic resistor. The origin of the shot noise comes from the fluctuation of the total number of charge carriers inside the resistor associated with their diffu-sive motion under the condition that the dielectric relaxation time becomes longer than the dynamic transit time. Present results show that neither potential bar...

Network traffic classification (NTC) plays an important role in cyber security and network performance, for example intrusion detection facilitating a higher quality of service. However, due to the unbalanced nature datasets, NTC can be extremely challenging poor management degrade performance. While existing methods seek re-balance data distribution through resampling strategies, such approach...

The maximal chemical concentration that causes an acceptably small or no effect in an organism or isolated cells is an often-sought-after value in toxicology. Existing approaches to derive this value have raised several concerns; thus, it is often chosen case-by-case based on personal experience. To overcome this ambiguity, we propose an approach for choosing the non-toxic concentration (NtC) o...

The maximal chemical concentration that causes an acceptably small or no effect in an organism or isolated cells is an often-sought-after value in toxicology. Existing approaches to derive this value have raised several concerns; thus, it is often chosen case-by-case based on personal experience. To overcome this ambiguity, we propose an approach for choosing the non-toxic concentration (NtC) o...

A new high input impedance voltage-mode universal biquadratic filter with three input terminals and five output terminals is presented. The proposed circuit uses three plus-type differential difference current conveyors, two grounded resistors and two grounded capacitors. The proposed circuit can realize all the standard filter functions: lowpass, bandpass, highpass, notch and allpass, without ...

Decomposition rules are derived for multiport-transformers, -resistors, -storage elements and -gyrators into land 2-port elements, junctions and bonds. It appears that it is useful to extend the vectorbond, or rather multibond, notation recently proposed by the author with a “multibond array”. Canonical forms are introduced on the basis of minimal realization, because decompositions of multipor...

There is a simple type of electric network termed a series-parallel connection which occurs frequently in both theoretical and applied electrical engineering. One reason for the importance of series-parallel connection stems from the fact that the joint resistance is easily evaluated by the following two rules due to Ohm: 0 s. Resistance is additive for resistors in series. 0 P. Reciprocal resi...

A faster, more accurate replacement for existing collision algorithms has been developed. The method, called the NTC algorithm, is not grid dependent, and is much faster than older algorithms. Calculations with sixty thousand parcels required only a few CPU minutes. However, there is a significant need to develop mesh-independent momentum coupling between the gas and spray, so that the collisio...