Poxviruses have evolved unique proteins and mechanisms to counteract the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, which is an essential regulatory pathway of host innate immune responses. Here, we describe a NF-κB inhibitory virion protein of orf virus (ORFV), ORFV073, which functions very early in infected cells. Infection with ORFV073 gene deletion virus (OV-IA82Δ073) led to increased acc...

GSH synthesis occurs via two enzymatic steps catalysed by GCL [glutamate–cysteine ligase, made up of GCLC (GCL catalytic subunit), and GCLM (GCL modifier subunit)] and GSS (GSH synthetase). Co-ordinated up-regulation of GCL and GSS further enhances GSH synthetic capacity. The present study examined whether TNFα (tumour necrosis factor α) influences the expression of rat GSH synthetic enzymes. T...

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease featured by patches on the skin. It caused malfunction of immune cells and keratinocytes with inflammation as one its key features. Apigenin (API) natural flavonoid anti-inflammatory immunoregulatory properties. Therefore, we speculated that API can ameliorate psoriasis, determined effect development psoriasis using imiquimod (IMQ)-induced mouse model. ...

Generally, both lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and hypoxia-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) effects are alleviated through differential posttranslational modification of NF-κB phosphorylation after pretreatment with 5´-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators such as 5´-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) or the hypoglycemic agent metformin. We found that AICAR or metform...

objective(s): the objective of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of licochalcone b (lcb) in a mice model of carbon tetrachloride (ccl4)-induced liver toxicity. materials and methods: hepatotoxicity was induced in mice by a single subcutaneous injection (sc) of ccl4. the lcb was administered orally once a day for seven days (po) as pretreatment at three doses of 1, 5, and...

Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is a transcription factor that regulates various aspects of immune response, cell death, and differentiation as well as cancer. In this study we introduce the Py-Im polyamide 1 that binds preferentially to the sequences 5'-WGGWWW-3' and 5'GGGWWW-3'. The compound is capable of binding to κB sites and reducing the expression of various NF-κB-driven genes including IL6 an...

We have identified the E3 ligase Traf7 as a direct MyoD1 target and show that cell cycle exit-an early event in muscle differentiation-is linked to decreased Traf7 expression. Depletion of Traf7 accelerates myogenesis, in part through downregulation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity. We used a proteomic screen to identify NEMO, the NF-κB essential modulator, as a Traf7-interacting protein. ...

Activation of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway may be associated with the development of cardiac hypertrophy and transition to heart failure (HF). The transgenic mouse, MyoTg, develops hypertrophy and HF as a result of overexpression of myotrophin in the heart associated with elevated level of NF-κB activity. Using this mouse model and an NF-κB-targeted gene array, we first deter...

OBJECTIVE The role of vitamin D deficiency in coronary artery disease (CAD) progression is uncertain. Chronic inflammation in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of CAD. However, the molecular mechanism underlying vitamin D deficiency-enhanced inflammation in the EAT of diseased coronary arteries remains unknown. We examined a mechanistic link between 1,25-di...

BACKGROUND Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase cyclophilin A (CypA) plays important roles in signaling, protein translocation, inflammation, and cancer formation. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which CypA exerts its effects. C57BL/6 Ppia (encoding CypA)-deficient embryonic fibroblasts show reduced activation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), ...