Uranium 236 is a long-lived radionuclide which is created from the naturally occurring trace isotope 235U (0.72% abundance) by thermal neutron capture. This process leads to a natural abundance of 236U in the range from 10-14—10-13 relative to the major 238U isotope (236U/238U). 236U is also created during the process of uranium enrichment for nuclear fuel or weapons, and as a waste product fro...

An important goal of nuclear reactor instrumentation is the continuous monitoring of the state of the reactor and the detection of deviations from the normal behaviour at an early stage. Early detection of anomalies enables one to make the necessary steps in order to prevent further damage of nuclear fuel. In the present paper, an on-line core monitoring system is described by means of which bo...

Commercial nuclear reactors and storage facilities for their spent fuel contain large amounts of radioactive material, and are not designed to resist attack. The US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has determined, however, that these facilities require only a light defense. This paper shows, without disclosing any sensitive information, that reactors and spent-fuelstorage facilities have vul...

A study of future energy requirements and of the potential of various energy sources (coal, oil, gas, nuclear power, hydropower and solar energy) indicates that the contribution to be made by nuclear fission, now competitive with conventional energy sources, will grow steadily over the next few decades. Whereas the amount of fuel which has to be fabricated each year for the operation of a nucle...

Nuclear accidents that lead to melting of a reactor core create heterogeneous materials containing hundreds of radionuclides, many with short half-lives. The long-lived fission products and transuranium elements within damaged fuel remain a concern for millennia. Currently, accurate fundamental models for the prediction of release rates of radionuclides from fuel, especially in contact with wat...

An acceptable long-term solution for used (spent) fuel from nuclear power reactors has evaded all countries engaged in the civilian nuclear fuel cycle. Furthermore, many countries are trying to develop interim storage solutions that address the shortage of storage in the spent fuel cooling pools at reactors. The United States has a particularly acute problem due to its adherence to an open fuel...

A review of the chemistry occurring inside a nuclear power plant during a serious reactor accident is presented. This includes some aspects of the behavior of nuclear fuel, its cladding, cesium and iodine. This review concentrates on the chemistry of an accident in a water-cooled reactor loaded with uranium dioxide or mixed metal oxide fuel. Subjects: Chemistry; Environmental Chemistry; Inorgan...

Link for citation: Rofida Hamad Khalifa Hamad, Nikitenkov N.N., Kudiyarov V.N. Calculation of nuclear fuel cladding internal coating thickness emergency resistant element. Bulletin the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 6, рр.27-34. In Rus. The relevance study lies in need to create an reactors, based on consequences accidents Chernobyl and Fukushima. spec...

SUMMARY The distribution of deoxythymidine kinase activity has been reexamined in rat and human intestinal mucosa separated by a planing technique into cells in different stages of differentiation. When epithelial cells leave the crypts, a decrease in kinase activity was observed in both resuspended pellet and supernatant fractions. Commercial preparations of phospholipase C added to the assay ...