A review of the literature on transmission studies of nucleopolyhedroviruses showed that low levels of viral infection were common among studies of pupae of insects but rarer in adults. Virus could be transmitted from parent to progeny and could be found in caterpillars reared from surface-decontaminated eggs. Persistent low levels of infection were observed in many of the studies considered. T...

7 Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-Gobierno de Navarra, 31192 Mutilva Baja, Navarra, 8 Spain 1 ; Instituto de Ecología AC, Xalapa, Veracruz 91070, Mexico 2 ; Centre for Ecology and 9 Hydrology, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SR, United Kingdom 3 ; Laboratoire de Gènie de 10 l'Environnement Industriel, Ecole de Mines d'Alès, Alès, France 4 ; Departamento de Producción 11 Agraria, Universidad Pú...

The nucleotide sequence of the DNA genome of Spodoptera exigua multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV), a group II NPV, was determined and analysed. The genome contains 135611 bp and has a G+C content of 44 mol%. Computer-assisted analysis revealed 139 ORFs of 150 nucleotides or larger; 103 have homologues in Autographa californica MNPV (AcMNPV) and a further 16 have homologues in other bacul...

New cell lines from embryos of Ephestia kuehniella were recently developed. Primary cultures were initiated in September 2002 from 2 to 4 day old eggs in either modified TC-100 or ExCell 400 medium. From these initial cultures, one, originally isolated in the Ex-Cell medium, produced sufficient cell growth to allow subcultivation and eventually led to the establishment of two cell strains, one ...