BACKGROUND Patient health information materials (PHIMs), such as leaflets and posters are widely used by family physicians to reinforce or illustrate information, and to remind people of information received previously. This facilitates improved health-related knowledge and self-management by patients. OBJECTIVE This study assesses the use of PHIMs by patient. It also addresses their percepti...

Date palm residues are one of the most promising lignocellulosic biomass for bioethanol production in the Middle East. In this study, leaflets and rachis were subjected to hydrothermal pretreatment to overcome the recalcitrance of the biomass for enzymatic conversion. Evident morphological, structural, and chemical changes were observed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and in...

OBJECTIVES To study whether linguistic analysis and changes in information leaflets can improve readability and understanding. DESIGN Randomised, controlled study. Two information leaflets concerned with trials of drugs for conditions/diseases which are commonly known were modified, and the original was tested against the revised version. SETTING Denmark. PARTICIPANTS 235 persons in the r...

Due to a thermodynamic coupling between the two leaflets comprising a lipid bilayer, compositional lipid domains residing within opposing leaflets are often found in registry. If the system is perturbed by displacing one domain relative to the other, diffusive and advective lipid fluxes are established to restore equilibrium and reestablish domain overlap. In this work, we focus on the advectiv...

Compound leaf development requires highly regulated cell proliferation, differentiation, and expansion patterns. We identified loss-of-function alleles at the SMOOTH LEAF MARGIN1 (SLM1) locus in Medicago truncatula, a model legume species with trifoliate adult leaves. SLM1 encodes an auxin efflux carrier protein and is the ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana PIN-FORMED1 (PIN1). Auxin distribution ...

Modern analyses of data for scientific reporting and healthcare management purposes require standardized and consistent definitions, something which also holds true for aortic root surgery, as part of the cardiovascular surgery spectrum. The aim of the present study was to investigate the currently employed nomenclature of the aortic root components. A questionnaire was constructed on the termi...

Background The aims of this paper were to assess the accuracy patient information leaflets about electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in England, and compliance with National Institute for Health Care Excellence (NICE) recommendations, principle informed consent. Methods Freedom Information Act requests sent 51 Service Trusts a copy their leaflet. These, three Royal College Psychiatrists (RCPsych) l...