A novel ultra-broadband printed monopole antenna with 10 dB return loss bandwidth from 2.1-21.5GHz is proposed. This printed monopole antenna is constructed using cross-slotted modified circular patch with etched ground plane. This UWB printed monopole antenna is microstrip-fed with a triangular tapered input line for broadband matching.

Interactive Digital Television is mostly a matter of entertainment for developed countries, but bears great potential to narrow the digital divide in developing countries. The television’s return channel might become the family’s gate to the Information Society. For this to come true, however, digital receivers and return channel technologies must reach cost levels that enable mass penetration....

We examine the effectiveness of the individual-punishment mechanism in larger groups, comparing groups of four to groups of 40 participants. We find that the individual punishment mechanism is remarkably robust when the marginal per capita return (MPCR), i.e. the return to each participant from each dollar that is contributed, is held constant. Moreover, the efficiency gains from the punishment...

This note discusses the impact of collection cost structure on the optimal reverse channel choice of manufacturers who remanufacture their own products. Using collection cost functions that capture collection rate and collection volume dependency, we show that the optimal reverse channel choice (retailerversus manufacturer-managed collection) is driven by how the cost structure moderates the ma...

A nonuniform grid-based coordinated routing design in wireless sensor networks is presented. The conditions leading to network partition and analysis of energy consumption that prolongs the network lifetime are studied. We focus on implementing routing in densely populated sensor networks. By maintaining constant values for parameters such as path loss exponent, receiver sensitivity and transmi...

So this small package arrives at my office, addressed to “Anniken Goldstein.” Two Goldsteins work in my office, my Bride/Empress and myself, so she took the liberty of opening it up, and extracting a Darth Vader head coffee cup from a carefully bundled straw package. There was no accompanying note; the return address indicated that none was needed. Everyone from my receptionist to my office man...

This study aims to determine the effect of dividend policy and profitability on stock returns in Consumer Goods industry company simultaneously partially. method uses quantitative methods, analytical technique used is descriptive statistics, while hypothesis testing multiple linear regression analysis. The determination sample was carried out using purposive sampling for 2016-2020 period. resul...

Litterfall has a large influence on carbon and nutrient cycling of ecosystems, particularly in light-limited forested streams, as most nutrients return the form litter. Although recent evidence points to prevalence seasonal litterfall species-rich evergreen tropical riparian forests, there is limited understanding how plant diversity intersects with stream ecosystem functions. To explore this q...

the main limiting factors in saline-sodic soils are high amounts of salts, low soil organic matter (som) and lowavailability of macro and micro-nutrients. the effect of different amounts of nano iron oxide powder and urban solidwaste compost coated sulfur (uswcs) on the chemical properties of a saline-sodic soil was investigated. the experimentwas conducted using a randomized complete block des...

interrupting the processes which control ecosystem resources has dramatic impacts on the rangeland conditions. to protect ecosystems and landscape, it needs to understand the ecosystem processes which regulate the ecosystem resources. as main components of ecosystems, patches and inter-patches play important roles in energy and materials cascade. ecologically, functional parameters such as stab...