Neural circuits are dynamically regulated by a diverse class of secretedmolecules known as neuromodulators, amongwhich is dopamine, amolecule linked to disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia and to reward-driven learning. This Select highlights several recently published papers that elucidate how dopamine neurons regulate circuits involved in depression-related behaviors, learn...

Feeding history and the presence of food dramatically alter chemosensory behaviors. Recent results indicate that internal nutritional state can gate peripheral gustatory and olfactory sensory responses to affect behavior. Focusing primarily on recent work in C. elegans and Drosophila, I describe the neuromodulatory mechanisms that translate feeding state information into changes in chemosensory...

The goals of manual-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and nutritional counseling for eating disorders are similar, namely, eliminating dysfunctional patterns of eating. Modifying these behaviors requires specific therapeutic expertise in the principles and procedures of behavior change that is not typically part of the training of nutritionists and dieticians or mental health professiona...

Nutritional rehabilitation of adolescents with anorexia nervosa is both a science and an art. The goals are to promote metabolic recovery; restore a healthy body weight; reverse the medical complications of the disorder and to improve eating behaviors and psychological functioning. Most, but not all of the medical complications are reversible with nutritional rehabilitation. Refeeding patients ...

Some of the nutritional concerns of female athletes are highlighted in this case study of a 20-year-old woman who wants to lose 16% of her body weight to qualify for the position of coxswain on a national crew team. These concerns include adequacy of vitamin, mineral, protein, and carbohydrate intake as well as amenorrhea and pathogenic eating behaviors.

There is limited understanding about variables associated with fatigue in late and very late life. The purpose of this study was to explore the longitudinal influences of personality and health behaviors on changes in fatigue. One hundred and seventy-eight participants of the Georgia Centenarian Study were part of this study. Multiple regression analyses were computed to assess the influence of...

Most insect species exhibit characteristic behavioral changes after mating. Typical post-mating behaviors in female insects include noticeable increases in food intake, elevated oviposition rates, lowered receptivity to courting males, and enhanced immune response. Although it has been reported that mated females of several insect species including the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster increas...

The cross sectional study aiming to assess the effect of Precaution adoption process model (PAPM) and nutritional knowledge concerning osteoporosis on dietary behavior of women. Two hundred and twenty women aged 21 years and above living in slum area in Alexandria, Egypt were randomly selected and asked about their nutritional knowledge, dietary behaviors and PAPM stages related to osteoporosis...

Background: Since type-2 diabetes is the most common chronic disease among Iranian female adolescents, we applied theory of planned behavior to examine the effect of training to intention to preventative nutritional behaviors for type-2 diabetes among female adolescents.   Methods: In this experimental study 200 (11-14 year old) girls from 8 schools of Tehran city (100 in each intervent...