There is a high incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and malnutrition is a powerful predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in this population of patients. A multitude of factors related to CKD and renal replacement therapy can affect the nutritional status of CKD patients and lead to the development of malnutrition. In...

Alteration in vitamin D metabolism has a central role in the pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) and is also associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). For more than sixty years, vitamin D, nutritional vitamin D (ergocalciferol, cholecalciferol or calcifediol) and nonselective vitamin D receptor (VDR) activato...

The histological findings in 18 cases of parathyroid hyperplasia associated with chronic renal failure and haemodialysis have been compared with a series of 35 cases of primary adenomatous hyperparathyroidism. Analysis of several features suggests that there are no definite criteria for distinguishing microscopically between individual enlarged glands in primary and secondary hyperparathyroidis...

Metastatic calcinosis cutis is an uncommon complication of end-stage kidney disease but has severe and disabling effects. Its development attributed to disorders calcium phosphate metabolism associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism. The mainstay treatment remains medical therapy; however, in refractory cases a parathyroidectomy indicated. We describe the case 22-year-old female hyperparath...

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) has been shown in vitro to enhance erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) and has been incriminated as a factor in the anaemia seen in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and in patients with renal disease and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Enhanced EOF has also been shown in patients with chronic renal failure but did not correlate with PTH levels. We studied a gro...

The hypercalcemia of hyperparathyroidism (HPT) can cause devastating effects to the patient and only surgical removal of the hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue can definitely cure the disease. Radionuclide parathyroid imaging has no role in the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism or in the selection of the type of treatment. However, once surgery is decided (99m)Tc-sestamibi scanning can localize...

Therapy combining radioguided parathyroidectomy (PTx) followed by intravenous maxacalcitol was given to a 50-year-old Japanese man referred for treatment of uraemic secondary hyperparathyroidism. After laboratory and radiological examinations, the patient underwent uncomplicated, successful surgery, but glands that had not been detected radiologically before the procedure became apparent with a...

The deficiency of vitamin D is public among hemodialysis (HD) patients and a key factor in the development secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). Secondary currently accomplished by lowering circulating phosphate levels with parathyroid hormone (PTH), analogs, oral binders. current study aim was to assess efficacy cholecalciferol management concomitant deficiency/insufficiency. A total 53 were t...

1. Block GA, Zeig S, Sugihara J et al. Combined therapy with cinacalcet and low doses of vitamin D sterols in patients with moderate to severe secondary hyperparathyroidism. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 1–8 2. Goodman WG, Frazao JM, Goodkin DA et al. A calcimimetic agent lowers plasma parathyroid hormone levels in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Kidney Int 2000; 58: 436–445 3. Cun...