OBJECTIVE Thyroid hormone is necessary for normal development of the auditory system. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of hearing impairment in congenitally hypothyroid (CH) patients, and its relation with factors such as CH severity and age at starting treatment, during CH screening program in Isfahan. METHODS Hearing acuity was assessed in two groups of children with (94 pa...

Cholecystokinin (CCK) as an important neuropeptide in the brain has been implicated in the modulation of anxiety. The effects of this neurotransmitter on anxiety-like behavior in the ventral hippocampus have not been evaluated yet. Moreover, some evidences show a functional interaction between GABA and CCK in the nervous system. Bilateral injections of three doses of CCK8s (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 μ...

RATIONALE Today, there is relatively no debate on the notion that NMDA receptor antagonist agents in the hippocampus induce anxiolytic-like effects through distinct mechanisms. There is also a bulk of studies showing the involvement of the dopaminergic system in NMDA induced behaviors. Thus, on the basis of the involvement of dopaminergic system in anxiety-related behaviors, the present study a...

BACKGROUND Olmesartan-associated enteropathy (OAE) is characterised by diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, weight loss and severe sprue-like enteropathy, all of which are resolved after discontinuation of olmesartan medoximil. AIM To determine the mechanistic similarities of OAE with coeliac sprue. METHODS Duodenal biopsies were extracted from OAE patients before (n = 11) or after ...

Oceanic anoxic event 1d (OAE 1d) has been well studied at northern low latitudes (i.e., in Tethys and the North Atlantic); however, paleoenvironmental response to this high not documented triggering mechanism remains unknown. Here, we address both of these shortcomings by presenting first detailed sedimentary multi-proxy geochemical record OAE southern (60–62°S), obtained from sediments using S...

The best-documented example of rapid climate change that characterized the so-called 'greenhouse world' took place at the time of the Palaeocene-Eocene boundary: introduction of isotopically light carbon into the ocean-atmosphere system, accompanied by global warming of 5-8 degrees C across a range of latitudes, took place over a few thousand years. Dissociation, release and oxidation of gas hy...

BACKGROUND There is still controversy regarding the influence of aging on medial olivocochlear (MOC) system function. The main objective of this study is to measure age-related changes of MOC system function in people with normal hearing thresholds. METHOD Bilateral assessment of the MOC effect for click-evoked otoacoustic emissions (CEOAEs; at 70±3 dB peak sound pressure level [pSPL], click ...