In surveys of third language acquisition (TLA) research, mixed results demonstrate that there is no consensus among researchers regarding the advantages and/or disadvantages of bilinguality on  TLA.  The  main  concern  of  the  present  study  was,  thus,  to  probe  the  probable  differences between  Persian  monolingual  and  Azeri-Persian  bilingual  learners  of  English  regarding  their...

This paper presents the first-ever processing experiment on relativization in Avar, an ergative language with prenominal relatives. The results show no processing difference between the ergative subject gap and the absolutive object gap. The absolutive subject gap, however, is processedmuch faster. We propose a principled explanation for this result. On the one hand, Avar has a subject preferen...

Present-day English is unlike Old in not using singular demonstrative pronouns with anaphoric reference to human beings. This article adds the contributions of Cole (2017) and Los & van Kemenade (2018) our understanding factors determining choice between personal by documenting hitherto unexamined use these as heads relative clauses. It also traces how referring humans retreated clauses Ear...