Karl Mannheim’s orientations to time can be plotted between subjectivist and objectivist extremes. The latter corresponds to social engineering, while the former offers the context in which Mannheim uses Hobbes’s primaeval war to imagine the chaotic struggle over time that he hopes to escape. Mannheim’s distinctive achievement is ‘dynamic sociology’, an experimental approach marked by the recog...

Though still barely known outside of Randian circles, the doctrine of the arbitrary assertion has come to occupy a prominent place in Objectivist epistemology. Ayn Rand’s disciple Leonard Peikoff is responsible for its only detailed presentation in print. The doctrine raises several philosophical questions. Does an epistemology firmly grounded in facts about human mental functioning, as Rand’s ...

This study aimed to explore the role of language type in personality ethic- as a social paradigm. To do so, 30 Iranian advanced bilingual EFL university students were selected based on their performance on the OPT. Then, they were asked to respond to an ethical survey as modelled by Poulshock in two Persian and English versions at the time interval of one month. Their responses to both versions...

The popular view of navigation is that it is a conscious, goal directed activity i n which someone is trying to reach a destination. Such a view of navigation i s essentially individualistic, objectivist and cognitive. Just as Lynch's aim i n trying to specify the basic, discrete units of (urban) space have had a significant impact on urban planning and design, so the metaphorical use of the co...

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by skin inflammation, barrier dysfunction and chronic pruritus. In this review, recent advances in the pathogenesis of AD are summarized. Clinical efficacy of the anti-IL-4 receptor antibody dupilumab implies that type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 have pivotal roles in atopic inflammation. The expression of IL-4 and IL-13 as well as type 2 chemokines such a...