Five new highly oxygenated lanostane-type triterpenoids [ganoderic acid GS-1 (1), ganoderic acid GS-2 (2), ganoderic acid GS-3 (3), 20(21)-dehydrolucidenic acid N (4) and 20-hydroxylucidenic acid A (5)] were isolated from the fruiting body of Ganoderma sinense, together with known compounds including 6 triterpenoids and 3 sterols. The structures of the new triterpenoids determined by spectrosco...

Indonesia has been the largest exporter of Refined Palm Oil (RPO) in world which OIC countries being main export destination markets. However, most Indonesian RPO exports to are still concentrated four countries, namely Pakistan, Malaysia, Bangladesh, and Egypt. The distribution is small number due high tariff applied by several countries. This research aims analyze factors that influence palm ...

Aralia chinensis var. dasyphylloides is widely distributed in China and used as a traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of digestive and immune system diseases. The present study aimed to search for novel oleanolic-type triterpenoids in low-polarity fractions. Six new triterpene derivatives (1-6), together with two known compounds were isolated from the barks of A. chinensis var. dasyph...

In 2013, an estimated 207 million opioid prescriptions were dispensed by retail pharmacies in the U.S. (https://www.drugabuse. gov/about-nida/legislative-activities/testimony-to-congress/2016/ americas-addiction-to-opioids-heroin-prescription-drug-abuse). While opioids are highly efficacious for the treatment of acute and chronic pain, they may cause a number of significant side effects. One of...

Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) is the second-largest intergovernmental organization after United Nations (UN). However, over years, OIC has been criticized for its inability to address issues that jeopardize interests Muslims. This paper focuses on Türkiye’s new role in OIC. The objective this analyse how Türkiye undermined domination Saudi Arabia Qualitative single method case study...

Four new triterpenoid saponins, designated as stelmatotriterpenosides E-H (1-4), together with three known compounds, asterbatanoside B (5), 2alpha,3beta,19alpha,23-tetrahydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (6) and 2alpha,3beta,19alpha,23-tetrahydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (7), were ...

Gallbladder bile of the bullfrog, R a m catesbezana was found to contain a number of minor bile acids and bile alcohols in unconjugated forms. The following bile acids and bile alcohols were identified by combined gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry: cholic acid, allocholic acid, 3a,7a, 12a-trihydroxy-5a-cholestan-26-oic acid, 3a,7a, 12atrihydroxy-24-methyl-5~-cholestan-26-oic acid, 3a,...

In the present study, the effect of concluding and executing monetary treaties as well as membership of regional economic cooperation organizations (as a potential for using regional currency) on mutual exports between Iran and its 50 major trading partners during the period of 2000 to 2016 is investigated. The Generalized Commercial Gravity Model and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression of p...