This study investigated the adjuvant potential of W/O/W multiple emulsions and microemulsions, comparing them with traditional aluminum hydroxide and oil-in-water emulsion adjuvants against bluetongue vaccine (BTV). Local inflammatory reactions were assessed in rabbits by measuring the temperature of the animals and the skin thickness at the site of application. Antibodies titers were determine...

BACKGROUND The use of a squalene-containing (AS03) pandemic vaccine for high-risk groups in England allowed vaccine effectiveness (VE) of such novel oil-in-water adjuvanted vaccine to be evaluated. METHODS Cases of laboratory-confirmed pandemic (H1N1)2009 influenza in England between November 2009 and January 2010 were followed up for history of pandemic (H1N1)2009 or 2009/10 seasonal influen...

Objective(s): The porins A and B and also outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of Neisseria meningitidis are used for vaccine purposes. In the present study, we aimed to design a new vaccine candidate based on a fusion of PorA of serogroups A and B of N. meningitidis admixed with OMV and evaluate it in an animal model.Materials and Methods: Af...

Although influenza seasons come and go, one unfortunate constant over the past decade has been a lack of measurable progress in protecting adults from influenza. Despite greater vaccine supply, rising vaccination rates in children, and universal recommendations for all adults to be vaccinated annually, vaccination rates among the general adult population have scarcely budged. This stagnation in...

Received: Revised: Accepted: Published online: October 20, 2014 August 18, 2015 September 01, 2015 December 31, 2015 To inactivate locally isolated Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), phenol, formaldehyde and binary ethylenimine were optimized for their concentrations and exposure time. Their effect on immunoprophylaxis induction was then assessed by using different levels of immunogen/PCV and diffe...

BACKGROUND Currently more than 340,000 individuals are receiving long-term hemodialysis (HD) therapy for end-stage renal disease and therefore are particularly vulnerable to influenza, prone to more severe influenza outcomes, and less likely to achieve seroprotection from standard influenza vaccines. Influenza vaccine adjuvants, chemical or biologic compounds added to a vaccine to boost the eli...

Vaccination is considered to be one of the most effective tools to decrease morbidity as well as mortality caused by influenza viruses. For the prevention of seasonal influenza, Fluarix and FluLaval have been marketed since 1987 and 1992, respectively. Both vaccines have consistently been shown to meet or exceed the regulatory criteria for immunogenicity against the three strains H1N1, H3N2 and...

Vaccination of young broilers with inactivated vaccines against experimental Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale challenge was found to be effective, but the results of vaccination were influenced, in a negative way, by the presence of maternal antibodies. The use of a strong adjuvant, such as mineral oil, in a bacterin was necessary to obtain good protection when maternal antibodies were present. ...

Reported are the results obtained with different immunization schedules of adjuvant or freeze-dried concentrated (FDC) primary hamster kidney cell (PHKC) rabies vaccine on volunteers. The FDC vaccine (potency, 4.5 IU), which was inoculated in six doses, on days 0, 3, 7, 14, 30 and 90, and the adjuvant vaccine (potency 2.5 IU), which was inoculated in five doses, on days 0 and 7 (double dose), 1...