Biological monitoring of exposure of workers to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in petrochemical industries was performed by the measurement of urinary excretion of 1-hydroxypyrene. In 121 of the 462 workers studied (both smokers and non-smokers) who had had no recent occupational exposure to PAHs a median 1-hydroxypyrene concentration of 0.21 micrograms/g creatinine was found. The uppe...

Catalytic hydrotreatment (HT) is one of the most important refining steps in actual petroleum-based refineries for production fuels and chemicals, it will play also a crucial role development biomass-based refineries. In fact, utilization HT processes upgrading biomass and/or lignocellulosic residues aimed to synthetic chemical intermediates represents reliable strategy reduce both carbon dioxi...

This paper describes the application of process integration principles to the design of oil refineries hydrogen network. In this regard, a design hierarchy as well as heuristics and required guidelines are proposed. The recommended rules compensate lack of procedure to the design and make the design process easier. The guiding principles of the design are based upon pinch technology and ext...

The results of an extension of follow up (1976 to 1989) of a cohort of workers employed for at least one year between 1 January 1950 and 31 December 1975 at eight oil refineries in Britain are reported. Over 99% of the workers were successfully traced to determine their vital status at 31 December 1989. The mortality observed was compared with that expected from the death rates of all the male ...

A set of oil derivative distribution depots, including refineries and terminals, have local demands and productions for different products in a given time horizon. However, in a certain period there may be not enough local stock of some product to satisfy the corresponding demand. This brings the need for transportation of oil derivatives through a network of pipelines. To accomplish that, a ta...

Petroleum refineries utilize thermal cracking, catalytic cracking and hydrogenation processes to produce high quality oil products. Hydrodesulfurization is one of the most important methods to remove sulfur from petroleum fractions. Heavy oil contains various types of sulfur compound. The structure of the sulfur compounds affects the ease of sulfur removal1). Acyclic sulfur compounds including ...