The establishment of a new oil terminal near Kulevi on the Black Sea coast of Georgia has become a highly controversial mega-project, and this article explores its political and environmental significance in the context of rising global demand for the region's oil and gas reserves. The Kulevi Terminal is intended to be a storage facility and a transfer point for black oil, fuel oil and other oi...

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is an important urban gas source in China. Before supplied to customers by pipeline supply systems, LPG is stored in tanks in LPG vaporization stations. Designers usually decide the number and the size of storage tanks by their experience during constructions of vaporization stations. These decisions are usually not best and most economical. To solve the problem, a...

Liquid storage cylindrical containers are built for storing a variety of liquids. The seismic behavior of tanks is, however, quite complex problem. The interaction of tank and liquid can be simplified with the concept of generalized single-degree-of-freedom systems representing the convective, rigid impulsive and flexible impulsive vibration modes. This paper presents the theoretical background...

two batches of frankfurters containing about 55% chicken meat with two different oils (including canola and soybean) were manufactured. batch 1 included canola oil and batch 2 included soybean oil in the products. various analyses were performed to detect the lipid changes of both batches during storage. fatty acid composition analysis using gas chromatography showed little change in the fatty ...

A storage tank, which is used to store oil, important and high-risk equipment that requires attention its safety aspects. As a preventive measure, the government inspections of all tanks, either on regular basis (every four years) or based risk assessment. This study aims create an inspection plan for tanks at oil refinery using risk-based (RBI) method. The RBI method in this adopts API RP 581,...

This paper describes a stochastic short sea shipping problem where a company is responsible for both the distribution of oil products between islands and the inventory management of those products at consumption storage tanks located at ports. In general, ship routing and scheduling is associated with uncertainty in weather conditions and unpredictable waiting times at ports. In this work, both...

The Department of Energy’s River Protection Project (RPP) is tasked with retrieving highly radioactive waste from Hanford double-shell and single-shell tanks to provide feed for vitrification for long-term storage. Approximately 330,000 metric tons of sodium-rich radioactive waste originating from separation of plutonium from irradiated uranium fuel is stored in 177 underground tanks at Hanford...

Fast remaining thickness measurement using Lamb wave is presented for the purpose of maintenance of large structures like oil storage tanks and pipe networks. This study used a laser ultrasonic source to perform a high resolution remote scanning over aluminum plates with grooved and circular defects that were modeled on corrosions in plate-like structures. The antisymmetric A0 and symmetric S0 ...

The use of microorganisms to destroy, or reduce the concentration of, hazardous wastes on a contaminated site is called bioremediation. Such a biological treatment system has various applications, including, clean up of contaminated sites such as water, soils, sludges, and waste streams. The treatment of the Alaskan shoreline of Prince Williams Sound after the oil spill of Exxon Valdez in 1989 ...

In the literature, optimization models deal with planning and scheduling of several subsystems of the petroleum supply chain such as oilfield infrastructure, crude oil supply, refinery operations and product transportation. The focus of the present work is to propose a general framework for modeling petroleum supply chains. As a starting point, processing units are modeled based on the framewor...