Five new triterpenoid saponins, heinsiagenin A 3-O-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), heinsiagenin A 3-O-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), 2α-hydroxyheinsiagenin A 3-O-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-β-d-glucopyranoside (3), 2α-hydroxyheinsiagenin A 3-O-[β-d-glu...

Substrate to grow Pleurotus ostreatus must be pasteurized in order to be used for commercial production of Oyster mushrooms. The pasteurizing treatment normally involves steam application during a variable time/temperature procedure. In this research we studied an alternative treatment by forming a substrate compost pile with sufficient size and moisture to generate the necessary heat for paste...

in acid soils, aluminium toxicity is the primary factor limiting crop and forage production. at soil ph < 5.0, al solubility increases and al appears to be rhizotoxic. the objectives of the present study were to compare al tolerance among wild graminae of acid meadows and to evaluate the relation between a plant functional trait and the al resistance, in nutrient solution. in addition, a sensit...